【雅特力AT32】串口UART、USART配置和使用方法,数组的阻塞发送函数编写,串口接收中断、回环、重定向
文章目录
- 串口配置
- 阻塞发送函数
- 接收中断和串口回环
- 串口重定向
- 附录:Cortex-M架构的SysTick系统定时器精准延时和MCU位带操作
- SysTick系统定时器精准延时
- 延时函数
- 阻塞延时
- 非阻塞延时
- 位带操作
- 位带代码
- 位带宏定义
- 总线函数
- 一、位带操作理论及实践
- 二、如何判断MCU的外设是否支持位带
串口配置
类似于CubeMX 甚至还告诉你了数据位包括校验位 比较友好
如果要中断的话 需要在NVIC中开启
生成的配置代码如下:
/*** @brief init uart5 function* @param none* @retval none*/
void wk_uart5_init(void)
{/* add user code begin uart5_init 0 *//* add user code end uart5_init 0 */gpio_init_type gpio_init_struct;gpio_default_para_init(&gpio_init_struct);/* add user code begin uart5_init 1 *//* add user code end uart5_init 1 *//* configure the TX pin */gpio_init_struct.gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_STRONGER;gpio_init_struct.gpio_out_type = GPIO_OUTPUT_PUSH_PULL;gpio_init_struct.gpio_mode = GPIO_MODE_MUX;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pins = LCD_UART_TX_PIN;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pull = GPIO_PULL_NONE;gpio_init(LCD_UART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct);/* configure the RX pin */gpio_init_struct.gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_MODERATE;gpio_init_struct.gpio_out_type = GPIO_OUTPUT_PUSH_PULL;gpio_init_struct.gpio_mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pins = LCD_UART_RX_PIN;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pull = GPIO_PULL_UP;gpio_init(LCD_UART_RX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct);gpio_pin_remap_config(UART5_GMUX_0001, TRUE);/* configure param */usart_init(UART5, 115200, USART_DATA_9BITS, USART_STOP_1_BIT);usart_transmitter_enable(UART5, TRUE);usart_receiver_enable(UART5, TRUE);usart_parity_selection_config(UART5, USART_PARITY_EVEN);usart_hardware_flow_control_set(UART5, USART_HARDWARE_FLOW_NONE);/*** Users need to configure UART5 interrupt functions according to the actual application.* 1. Call the below function to enable the corresponding UART5 interrupt.* --usart_interrupt_enable(...)* 2. Add the user's interrupt handler code into the below function in the at32f403a_407_int.c file.* --void UART5_IRQHandler(void)*/usart_enable(UART5, TRUE);/* add user code begin uart5_init 2 *//* add user code end uart5_init 2 */
}
其中
usart_transmitter_enable(UART5, TRUE);usart_receiver_enable(UART5, TRUE);
分别为开启发送和接收功能 徒增功耗罢了
另外 AT32的配置特别有意思
就是当你的GPIO口为输出功能时(包括串口TX等等)
是无法配置上下拉的
那么就需要手动配置一遍
另外 如果开启了中断 则通过usart_interrupt_enable函数来指定开启哪一种中断 这里我开启接收中断
gpio_init_struct.gpio_drive_strength = GPIO_DRIVE_STRENGTH_STRONGER;gpio_init_struct.gpio_out_type = GPIO_OUTPUT_PUSH_PULL;gpio_init_struct.gpio_mode = GPIO_MODE_MUX;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pins = LCD_UART_TX_PIN;gpio_init_struct.gpio_pull = GPIO_PULL_UP;gpio_init(LCD_UART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct);usart_interrupt_enable(UART5,USART_RDBF_INT,TRUE);
阻塞发送函数
串口的数据寄存器长这样
这个是发送和接收共同的寄存器
发送就是往这个里面写值 接收就是读值
库函数为:
/*** @brief transmit single data through the usart peripheral.* @param usart_x: select the usart or the uart peripheral.* this parameter can be one of the following values:* USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4, UART5, USART6, UART7 or UART8.* @param data: the data to transmit.* @retval none*/
void usart_data_transmit(usart_type* usart_x, uint16_t data)
{usart_x->dt = (data & 0x01FF);
}/*** @brief return the most recent received data by the usart peripheral.* @param usart_x: select the usart or the uart peripheral.* this parameter can be one of the following values:* USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4, UART5, USART6, UART7 or UART8.* @retval the received data.*/
uint16_t usart_data_receive(usart_type* usart_x)
{return (uint16_t)(usart_x->dt);
}
可以看到 其都为非阻塞的
所以在进行发送时 需要进行判断保证数据发送成功
按官方的写法是:
while(usart_flag_get(usart_x, USART_TDBE_FLAG) == RESET);usart_data_transmit(usart_x, (uint16_t)data[i]);while(usart_flag_get(usart_x, USART_TDC_FLAG) == RESET);
先等待发送BUF为空 然后进行发送 最后等待发送完成
但其实如果发送完成的话 肯定是为空的
另外 由于接收和发送共用寄存器 所以如果当数据刚被接收时 就算USART_TDBE_FLAG
置位 发送数据也发不出来
(特别是在接收中断中 接收还没完全跑完 所以可能会认定寄存器非空 虽然不建议在中断中调用阻塞函数)
所以改进函数为:
void UART_Write_Blocking(usart_type* usart_x, uint8_t* data,uint16_t size)
{uint16_t i=0;for(i=0;i<size;i++){usart_data_transmit(usart_x, (uint16_t)data[i]);while(usart_flag_get(usart_x, USART_TDC_FLAG) == RESET);usart_flag_clear(usart_x,USART_TDBE_FLAG);}
}
这样也能发数组
接收中断和串口回环
一般串口采用中断的方式接收 也就是非阻塞 如果用阻塞 可以仿照上面的函数来写
接收中断产生时 会跑到中断服务函数中
/*** @brief this function handles UART4 handler.* @param none* @retval none*/
void UART4_IRQHandler(void)
{/* add user code begin UART4_IRQ 0 */if(usart_interrupt_flag_get(DEBUG_UART_Handle, USART_RDBF_FLAG) != RESET){usart_flag_clear(DEBUG_UART_Handle,USART_RDBF_FLAG);/* read one byte from the receive data register */RxBuffer = usart_data_receive(LCD_UART_Handle); UART_Write_Blocking(LCD_UART_Handle,&RxBuffer,1);}/* add user code end UART4_IRQ 0 *//* add user code begin UART4_IRQ 1 *//* add user code end UART4_IRQ 1 */
}
采用usart_interrupt_flag_get
函数判断是否产生了接收中断
然后清空标识位
直接采用usart_data_receive
函数即可读到数据
这里直接在中断中使用阻塞发送函数即可实现回环(不建议)
如果不使用阻塞发送的话 假如第二次接收中断产生 则可能因为速度过快导致上一次的还没发送完 可能就Error了
最好的解决方案是 在主函数中实现发送 接收新数据后 搞个状态机置位
然后在轮询状态机进行发送
串口重定向
没啥好配置的
都一样
就是printf
这里要用阻塞发送函数
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting_swi)
struct __FILE { int handle; /* Add whatever you need here */ };
FILE __stdout;
FILE __stdin;
void _sys_exit(int x)
{ x = x;
}
void _ttywrch(int ch)
{ch = ch;
}void UART_Write_Blocking(usart_type* usart_x, uint8_t* data,uint16_t size)
{uint16_t i=0;for(i=0;i<size;i++){usart_data_transmit(usart_x, (uint16_t)data[i]);while(usart_flag_get(usart_x, USART_TDC_FLAG) == RESET);usart_flag_clear(usart_x,USART_TDBE_FLAG);}
}int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{UART_Write_Blocking(DEBUG_UART_Handle,(uint8_t *)&ch,1);
// HAL_UART_Transmit(&DEBUG_UART_Handle,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);
// HAL_UART_Transmit(&LCD_UART_Handle,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);return ch;
}
附录:Cortex-M架构的SysTick系统定时器精准延时和MCU位带操作
SysTick系统定时器精准延时
延时函数
SysTick->LOAD中的值为计数值
计算方法为工作频率值/分频值
比如工作频率/1000 则周期为1ms
以ADuCM4050为例:
#include "ADuCM4050.h"void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能52MHz的系统定时器while(ms--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能52MHz的系统定时器while(us--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
其中的52000000表示芯片的系统定时器频率 32系列一般为外部定时器频率的两倍
Cortex-M架构SysTick系统定时器阻塞和非阻塞延时
阻塞延时
首先是最常用的阻塞延时
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while(ms--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while(us--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
50000000表示工作频率
分频后即可得到不同的延时时间
以此类推
那么 不用两个嵌套while循环 也可以写成:
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
但是这种写法有个弊端
那就是输入ms后,最大定时不得超过计数值,也就是不能超过LOAD的最大值,否则溢出以后,则无法正常工作
而LOAD如果最大是32位 也就是4294967295
晶振为50M的话 50M的计数值为1s 4294967295计数值约为85s
固最大定时时间为85s
但用嵌套while的话 最大可以支持定时4294967295*85s
非阻塞延时
如果采用非阻塞的话 直接改写第二种方法就好了:
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
将等待和关闭定时器语句去掉
在使用时加上判断即可变为阻塞:
delay_ms(500);
while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);
SysTick->CTRL = 0;
在非阻塞状态下 可以提交定时器后 去做别的事情 然后再来等待
不过这样又有一个弊端 那就是定时器会自动重载 可能做别的事情以后 定时器跑过了 然后就要等85s才能停下
故可以通过内部定时器来进行非阻塞延时函数的编写
基本上每个mcu的内部定时器都可以配置自动重载等功能 网上资料很多 这里就不再阐述了
位带操作
位带代码
M3、M4架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+20 输入为+16
M0架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+12 输入为+8
以ADuCM4050为列:
位带宏定义
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))#define GPIO0_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIO0_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+16) //0x40020010#define GPIO1_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+20) //0x40020054
#define GPIO1_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+16) //0x40020050#define GPIO2_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+20) //0x40020094
#define GPIO2_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+16) //0x40020090#define GPIO3_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+20) //0x400200D4
#define GPIO3_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+16) //0x400200D0#define P0_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P0_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P1_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P1_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P2_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P2_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P3_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P3_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define Port0 (ADI_GPIO_PORT0)
#define Port1 (ADI_GPIO_PORT1)
#define Port2 (ADI_GPIO_PORT2)
#define Port3 (ADI_GPIO_PORT3)#define Pin0 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_0)
#define Pin1 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_1)
#define Pin2 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_2)
#define Pin3 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_3)
#define Pin4 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_4)
#define Pin5 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_5)
#define Pin6 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_6)
#define Pin7 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_7)
#define Pin8 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_8)
#define Pin9 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_9)
#define Pin10 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_10)
#define Pin11 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_11)
#define Pin12 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_12)
#define Pin13 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_13)
#define Pin14 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_14)
#define Pin15 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_15)void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag);
void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num);void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void);void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void);void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void);void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void);#endif
总线函数
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"
#include "GPIO.h"void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag)
{switch(port){case 0:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 1:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 2:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 3:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;default:port=0;break;}
}void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num) //num最大为0xffff
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){GPIO_OUT(port,i,(num>>i)&0x0001);}
}void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P0_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P0_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P1_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P1_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P2_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P2_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P3_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P3_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
一、位带操作理论及实践
位带操作的概念其实30年前就有了,那还是 CM3 将此能力进化,这里的位带操作是 8051 位寻址区的威力大幅加强版
位带区: 支持位带操作的地址区
位带别名: 对别名地址的访问最终作 用到位带区的访问上(注意:这中途有一个 地址映射过程)
位带操作对于硬件 I/O 密集型的底层程序最有用处
支持了位带操作后,可以使用普通的加载/存储指令来对单一的比特进行读写。在CM4中,有两个区中实现了位带。其中一个是SRAM区的最低1MB范围,第二个则是片内外设区的最低1MB范围。这两个区中的地址除了可以像普通的RAM一样使用外,它们还都有自己的“位带别名区”,位带别名区把每个比特膨胀成一个32位的字。当你通过位带别名区访问这些字时,就可以达到访问原始比特的目的。
位操作就是可以单独的对一个比特位读和写,类似与51中sbit定义的变量,stm32中通过访问位带别名区来实现位操作的功能
STM32中有两个地方实现了位带,一个是SRAM,一个是片上外设。
(1)位带本质上是一块地址区(例如每一位地址位对应一个寄存器)映射到另一片地址区(实现每一位地址位对应一个寄存器中的一位),该区域就叫做位带别名区,将每一位膨胀成一个32位的字。
(2)位带区的4个字节对应实际寄存器或内存区的一个位,虽然变大到4个字节,但实际上只有最低位有效(代表0或1)
只有位带可以直接用=赋值的方式来操作寄存器 位带是把寄存器上的每一位 膨胀到32位 映射到位带区 比如0x4002 0000地址的第0个bit 映射到位带区的0地址 那么其对应的位带映射地址为0x00 - 0x04 一共32位 但只有LSB有效 采用位带的方式用=赋值时 就是把位带区对应的LSB赋值 然后MCU再转到寄存器对应的位里面 寄存器操作时 如果不改变其他位上面的值 那就只能通过&=或者|=的方式进行
要设置0x2000 0000这个字节的第二个位bit2为1,使用位带操作的步骤有:
1、将1写入位 带别名区对应的映射地址(即0x22000008,因为1bit对应4个byte);
2、将0x2000 0000的值 读取到内部的缓冲区(这一步骤是内核完成的,属于原子操作,不需要用户操作);
3、将bit2置1,再把值写 回到0x2000 0000(属于原子操作,不需要用户操作)。
关于GPIO引脚对应的访问地址,可以参考以下公式
寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4
如:端口F访问的起始地址GPIOF_BASE
#define GPIOF ((GPIO_TypeDef *)GPIOF_BASE)
但好在官方库里面都帮我们定义好了 只需要在BASE地址加上便宜即可
例如:
GPIOF的ODR寄存器的地址 = GPIOF_BASE + 0x14
寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4
设置PF9引脚的话:
uint32_t *PF9_BitBand =
*(uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR– 0x40000000) *32 + 9*4)
封装一下:
#define PFout(x) *(volatile uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR – 0x40000000) *32 + x*4)
现在 可以把通用部分封装成一个小定义:
#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))
那么 设置PF引脚的函数可以定义:
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410 #define PF_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PF_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n) //输入
若使PF9输入输出则:
PF_O(9)=1; //输出高电平
uint8_t dat = PF_I(9); //获取PF9引脚的值
总线输入输出:
void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
STM32的可用下面的函数:
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "stm32l496xx.h"#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))#define GPIOA_ODR_Addr (GPIOA_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIOB_ODR_Addr (GPIOB_BASE+20) //0x40020414
#define GPIOC_ODR_Addr (GPIOC_BASE+20) //0x40020814
#define GPIOD_ODR_Addr (GPIOD_BASE+20) //0x40020C14
#define GPIOE_ODR_Addr (GPIOE_BASE+20) //0x40021014
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414
#define GPIOG_ODR_Addr (GPIOG_BASE+20) //0x40021814
#define GPIOH_ODR_Addr (GPIOH_BASE+20) //0x40021C14
#define GPIOI_ODR_Addr (GPIOI_BASE+20) //0x40022014 #define GPIOA_IDR_Addr (GPIOA_BASE+16) //0x40020010
#define GPIOB_IDR_Addr (GPIOB_BASE+16) //0x40020410
#define GPIOC_IDR_Addr (GPIOC_BASE+16) //0x40020810
#define GPIOD_IDR_Addr (GPIOD_BASE+16) //0x40020C10
#define GPIOE_IDR_Addr (GPIOE_BASE+16) //0x40021010
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410
#define GPIOG_IDR_Addr (GPIOG_BASE+16) //0x40021810
#define GPIOH_IDR_Addr (GPIOH_BASE+16) //0x40021C10
#define GPIOI_IDR_Addr (GPIOI_BASE+16) //0x40022010 #define PA_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PA_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PB_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PB_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PC_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PC_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PD_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PD_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PE_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PE_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PF_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PF_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PG_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PG_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PH_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PH_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PI_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PI_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_IDR_Addr,n) //输入void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void);void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void);void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void);void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void);void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void);void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void);void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void);void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void);void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void);#endif
#include "GPIO.h"void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PA_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PA_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PB_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PB_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PC_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PC_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PD_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PD_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PE_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PE_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PG_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PG_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PH_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PH_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PI_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PI_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
二、如何判断MCU的外设是否支持位带
根据《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南(第3版)》中第6章第7节描述
也就是说 要实现对GPIO的位带操作 必须保证GPIO位于外设区域的第一个1MB中
第一个1MB应该是0x4010 0000之前 位带不是直接操作地址 而是操作地址映射 地址映射被操作以后 MCU自动会修改对应寄存器的值
位带区只有1MB 所以只能改0x4000 0000 - 0x400F FFFF的寄存器
像F4系列 GPIO的首地址为0x4002 0000 就可以用位带来更改
STM32L476的GPIO就不行:
AHB2的都不能用位带
ABP 还有AHB1都可以用
但是L476的寄存器里面 GPIO和ADC都是AHB2