达梦数据库的DMRMAN工具-管理备份（备份集查看）

管理备份一个重要的目的是删除不再需要的备份。DMRMAN 工具提供 SHOW、 CHECK、REMOVE、 LOAD 等命令分别用来查看、校验、删除和导出备份集。下文将对这些命令进行详细介绍。若命令中指定了 dm.ini，则要求 dm.ini 配置正确。

1 备份集查看

DMRMAN 中使用 SHOW 命令可以查看备份集的信息，若指定具体备份集目录，则会生
成相应的备份集链表信息。

1.1 查看单个备份集信息

SHOW BACKUPSET…命令用于查看单个备份集信息。当仅需要查看某个特定备份集信
息时可以使用此命令。执行步骤如下：

[dmdba@test ~]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> 
RMAN> show backupset '/home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01'
show backupset '/home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01'<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01] info start ..........><DB INFO>
system path:           /dm8/data/DAMENG
pmnt_magic:            1489116527
src_db_magic:          1505680300
db_magic:              1505680300
dsc node:              1
sys mode:              0
page check:            3
rlog encrypt:          0
rlog encrypt id:       0
external cipher[id/name]:  0/
external hash[id/name]:  0/
length in char:        0
use new hash:          1
page size:             8KB
extent size:           16
case sensitive:        1
log page size:         512B
unicode_flag/charset:  0
data version:          0x7000C
sys version:           V8
pseg version:          0x7000B
enable policy:         0
archive flag:          1
blank_pad_mode:        0
crc_check:             TRUE
page_enc_slice_size:   4096
char_fix_storage:      0
sql_log_forbid:        0
secur_flag:            2
db_enc_extend_size:    0
page_check_hash_size:  0
dpc_magic:             0<META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
backupset sub-version: 0xA
database name:         DAMENG
backup name:           ARCH_LOG_20240418_232100_651626
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x37F44BD5
bakset_magic:          938757077
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       94720
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          archivelog
mpp_timestamp:         1713507660
arch start lsn:        45810
arch end lsn:          62869
backup level:          offline
backup type:           archive
without log:           FALSE
without mirror:        FALSE
use_bct:               FALSE
end_lsn:               62869
max_trxid:             62612
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
for gap:               FALSE
from lsn:              0
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2024-04-18 23:21:03
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               6377
c_lsn:                 62869
h_seqno:               6377
h_lsn:                 62869<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         6377
begin_lsn:             62869
end_pkg_seq:           6377
end_lsn:               62869<FILE INFO>
backupset directory: /home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01
backupset name:        arch_all_bak_01
backup data file num:  1
backup piece num:      1
backup huge file num:  0<backup_piece_list>
$file_seq |$size(KB) |$pos_desc                                               |$content_type
0         |8249      |arch_all_bak_01.bak                                     |LOG       <data_file_list>
$file_seq |$group_id |$group_name     |$file_id  |$file_path                       |$mirror_path                     |$file_len           |$copy_num |$size_flag|$asm_mirror|$asm_striping<arch_file_list>
$file_seq |$dsc_seq |$file_path                       |$file_len           |$begin_seqno        |$begin_lsn          |$end_seqno          |$end_lsn            
1         |0        |/dm8/arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x59BEDBAC_EP0_2024-04-18_21-45-10.log|8441856             |5092                |45810               |6377                |62869               <huge_file_list>
$group_id |$schema_id|$table_id |$column_id|$file_id  |$file_len |$path<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01] info end .>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 37.822(ms)
RMAN> 

1.2 批量显示备份集信息

SHOW BACKUPSETS…命令用于批量显示指定搜索目录下的备份集信息。如需要查看的
多个备份集不在同一个目录下，可通过 WITH BACKUPDIR 参数指定多个备份集搜索目录，
同时查看所有的备份集。操作如下：

[dmdba@test ~]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01';
BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01';
file dm.key not found, use default license!
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[63409], file_lsn[63409]
Processing backupset /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:03.280
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02';
BACKUP DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02';
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[63409], file_lsn[63409]
Processing backupset /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]                                 
backup successfully!
time used: 00:00:03.263
RMAN> SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/home/dmdba/backup1','/home/dmdba/backup2';
SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/home/dmdba/backup1' , '/home/dmdba/backup2';<ALL backupsets list start ..........><backupset of DB_MAGIC [1505680300] GROUP list start ..........><backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02] info start ..........><DB INFO>
system path:           /dm8/data/DAMENG
pmnt_magic:            1489116527
src_db_magic:          1505680300
db_magic:              1505680300
dsc node:              1
sys mode:              0
page check:            3
rlog encrypt:          0
rlog encrypt id:       0
external cipher[id/name]:  0/
external hash[id/name]:  0/
length in char:        0
use new hash:          1
page size:             8KB
extent size:           16
case sensitive:        1
log page size:         512B
unicode_flag/charset:  0
data version:          0x7000C
sys version:           V8
pseg version:          0x7000B
enable policy:         0
archive flag:          1
blank_pad_mode:        0
crc_check:             TRUE
page_enc_slice_size:   4096
char_fix_storage:      0
sql_log_forbid:        0
secur_flag:            2
db_enc_extend_size:    0
page_check_hash_size:  0
dpc_magic:             0<META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
backupset sub-version: 0xA
database name:         DAMENG
backup name:           DB_FULL_20240420_080043_963738
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x67A0BA38
bakset_magic:          1738586680
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       103936
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          database
mpp_timestamp:         1713625243
with_huge:             TRUE
backupset_type:        NORMAL
mpp_flag:              FALSE
backup level:          offline
backup type:           full
without log:           FALSE
without mirror:        FALSE
use_bct:               FALSE
end_lsn:               63409
max_trxid:             63133
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
for gap:               FALSE
from lsn:              0
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2024-04-20 08:00:46
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               6388
c_lsn:                 63409
h_seqno:               6388
h_lsn:                 63409<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         6388
begin_lsn:             63409
end_pkg_seq:           6388
end_lsn:               63409<FILE INFO>
backupset directory: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02
backupset name:        db_bak_for_show_02
backup data file num:  4
backup piece num:      1
backup huge file num:  0<backup_piece_list>
$file_seq |$size(KB) |$pos_desc                                               |$content_type
0         |17454     |db_bak_for_show_02.bak                                  |DATA      <data_file_list>
$file_seq |$group_id |$group_name     |$file_id  |$file_path                       |$mirror_path                     |$file_len           |$copy_num |$size_flag|$asm_mirror|$asm_striping
1         |0         |SYSTEM          |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF      |                                 |77594624            |0         |0         |1         |0         
2         |1         |ROLL            |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/ROLL.DBF        |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         
3         |4         |MAIN            |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/MAIN.DBF        |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         
4         |5         |SYSAUX          |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSAWR.DBF      |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         <arch_file_list>
$file_seq |$dsc_seq |$file_path                       |$file_len           |$begin_seqno        |$begin_lsn          |$end_seqno          |$end_lsn            <huge_file_list>
$group_id |$schema_id|$table_id |$column_id|$file_id  |$file_len |$path<TABLESPACE INFO>
<tablespace_list>
$ts_id    |$name     |$state    |$cache    |$copy_num |$size_flag|$cipher_name |$opt_node
0         |SYSTEM    |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
1         |ROLL      |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
4         |MAIN      |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
5         |SYSAUX    |0         |NORMAL    |0         |0         |             |65535<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_02] info end .><backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01] info start ..........><DB INFO>
system path:           /dm8/data/DAMENG
pmnt_magic:            1489116527
src_db_magic:          1505680300
db_magic:              1505680300
dsc node:              1
sys mode:              0
page check:            3
rlog encrypt:          0
rlog encrypt id:       0
external cipher[id/name]:  0/
external hash[id/name]:  0/
length in char:        0
use new hash:          1
page size:             8KB
extent size:           16
case sensitive:        1
log page size:         512B
unicode_flag/charset:  0
data version:          0x7000C
sys version:           V8
pseg version:          0x7000B
enable policy:         0
archive flag:          1
blank_pad_mode:        0
crc_check:             TRUE
page_enc_slice_size:   4096
char_fix_storage:      0
sql_log_forbid:        0
secur_flag:            2
db_enc_extend_size:    0
page_check_hash_size:  0
dpc_magic:             0<META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
backupset sub-version: 0xA
database name:         DAMENG
backup name:           DB_FULL_20240420_080024_451879
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x253F82D2
bakset_magic:          624919250
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       108032
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          database
mpp_timestamp:         1713625224
with_huge:             TRUE
backupset_type:        NORMAL
mpp_flag:              FALSE
backup level:          offline
backup type:           full
without log:           FALSE
without mirror:        FALSE
use_bct:               FALSE
end_lsn:               63409
max_trxid:             63133
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
for gap:               FALSE
from lsn:              0
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2024-04-20 08:00:27
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               6388
c_lsn:                 63409
h_seqno:               6388
h_lsn:                 63409<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         6388
begin_lsn:             63409
end_pkg_seq:           6388
end_lsn:               63409<FILE INFO>
backupset directory: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01
backupset name:        db_bak_for_show_01
backup data file num:  4
backup piece num:      1
backup huge file num:  0<backup_piece_list>
$file_seq |$size(KB) |$pos_desc                                               |$content_type
0         |17454     |db_bak_for_show_01.bak                                  |DATA      <data_file_list>
$file_seq |$group_id |$group_name     |$file_id  |$file_path                       |$mirror_path                     |$file_len           |$copy_num |$size_flag|$asm_mirror|$asm_striping
1         |0         |SYSTEM          |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF      |                                 |77594624            |0         |0         |1         |0         
2         |1         |ROLL            |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/ROLL.DBF        |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         
3         |4         |MAIN            |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/MAIN.DBF        |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         
4         |5         |SYSAUX          |0         |/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSAWR.DBF      |                                 |134217728           |0         |0         |1         |0         <arch_file_list>
$file_seq |$dsc_seq |$file_path                       |$file_len           |$begin_seqno        |$begin_lsn          |$end_seqno          |$end_lsn            <huge_file_list>
$group_id |$schema_id|$table_id |$column_id|$file_id  |$file_len |$path<TABLESPACE INFO>
<tablespace_list>
$ts_id    |$name     |$state    |$cache    |$copy_num |$size_flag|$cipher_name |$opt_node
0         |SYSTEM    |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
1         |ROLL      |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
4         |MAIN      |0         |          |0         |0         |             |65535
5         |SYSAUX    |0         |NORMAL    |0         |0         |             |65535<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01] info end .><backupset of DB_MAGIC [1505680300] GROUP list end ..........><ALL backupsets list end ..........>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 35.406(ms)
RMAN> 

1.3 查看指定数据库所有备份集的信息

如果指定的备份搜索目录下包含不同数据库的备份集，而我们只想查看某个特定数据库
的所有备份集信息，此时可以使用 SHOW BACKUPSETS … USE DB_MAGIC …命令实现。
具体操作如下：
SHOW BACKUPSET ‘/home/dmdba/backup/arch_all_bak_01’; --获取db_magic
SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR ‘/home/dmdba/backup’ USE DB_MAGIC 1505680300;

1.4 指定显示部分备份集信息

SHOW BACKUPSET … INFO … 命 令 可 以 显 示 部 分 备 份 集 信 息 ， 例 如 SHOW
BACKUPSET…INFO META 命令可以查看备份集的元数据信息。操作步骤如下：

[dmdba@test ~]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> show backupset '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01' info meta;
show backupset '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01' info meta;<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01] info start ..........><META INFO>
backupset sig:         BA
backupset version:     0x400A
backupset sub-version: 0xA
database name:         DAMENG
backup name:           DB_FULL_20240420_080024_451879
backupset description: 
n_magic:               0x253F82D2
bakset_magic:          624919250
parent n_magic:        0xFFFFFFFF
meta file size :       108032
compressed level:      0
encrypt type:          0
parallel num:          1
backup range:          database
mpp_timestamp:         1713625224
with_huge:             TRUE
backupset_type:        NORMAL
mpp_flag:              FALSE
backup level:          offline
backup type:           full
without log:           FALSE
without mirror:        FALSE
use_bct:               FALSE
end_lsn:               63409
max_trxid:             63133
base begin_lsn:        -1
base end_lsn:          -1
base n_magic:          0xFFFFFFFF
for gap:               FALSE
from lsn:              0
base name:             
base backupset:        
backup time:           2024-04-20 08:00:27
min exec ver:          0x08010227
min dct ver:           4
pkg size:              0x04000000
bak_magic:             0
l_term_id:             0
term_id:               0
c_seqno:               6388
c_lsn:                 63409
h_seqno:               6388
h_lsn:                 63409<EP INFO>
EP[0]:
begin_pkg_seq:         6388
begin_lsn:             63409
end_pkg_seq:           6388
end_lsn:               63409<backupset [DEVICE TYPE:DISK, BACKUP_PATH: /home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01] info end .>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 24.963(ms)
RMAN> 

1.5 以 xml 格式输出备份信息到文件

DMRMAN 可以将显示的备份集信息输出到文件，目前支持的格式包括 TXT 和 XML，默
认为 TXT 文件格式。 使用 SHOW BACKUPSETS…TO ‘file_path’ FORMAT XML 命令可将备
份信息以 XML 格式显示并输出到文件，如下所示：

[dmdba@test ~]$ dmrman
dmrman V8
RMAN> SHOW BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01' TO '/home/dmdba/backup1/bkp_info.txt' FORMAT XML;
SHOW BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01' TO '/home/dmdba/backup1/bkp_info.txt' FORMAT XML;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<backupsets><group id="4294967295"><backupset id="0x253F82D2"><backup_path>/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01</backup_path><device_type>DISK</device_type><metadata><sign>BA</sign><version>0x400A</version><sub-version>0xA</sub-version><db_name>DAMENG</db_name><backupname>DB_FULL_20240420_080024_451879</backupname><description></description><backup_ID>0x253F82D2</backup_ID><bakset_magic>624919250</bakset_magic><parent_ID>0xFFFFFFFF</parent_ID><META_file_size>108032</META_file_size><compress>0</compress><encrypt_type>0</encrypt_type><parallel_num>1</parallel_num><range>database</range><mpp_timestamp>1713625224</mpp_timestamp><with_huge>TRUE</with_huge><backupset_type>NORMAL</backupset_type><mpp_flag>FALSE</mpp_flag><level>offline</level><type>full</type><without_log>FALSE</without_log><without_mirror>FALSE</without_mirror><use_bct>FALSE</use_bct><end_lsn>63409</end_lsn><base_begin_lsn>-1</base_begin_lsn><base_end_lsn>-1</base_end_lsn><base_n_magic>0xFFFFFFFF</base_n_magic><for_gap>FALSE</for_gap><from_lsn>0</from_lsn><base_name></base_name><base_path></base_path><backup_time>2024-04-20 08:00:27</backup_time><min_exec_ver>0x08010227</min_exec_ver><min_dct_ver>4</min_dct_ver><pkg_size>0x04000000</pkg_size><ep_info><ep><ep_no>0</ep_no><begin_pkg_seq>6388</begin_pkg_seq><begin_lsn>63409</begin_lsn><end_pkg_seq>6388</end_pkg_seq><end_lsn>63409</end_lsn></ep></ep_info><bak_magic>0</bak_magic><l_term_id>0</l_term_id><term_id>0</term_id><c_seqno>6388</c_seqno><c_lsn>63409</c_lsn><h_seqno>6388</h_seqno><h_lsn>63409</h_lsn></metadata><file_info><backup_directory>/home/dmdba/backup1/db_bak_for_show_01</backup_directory><piece_name>db_bak_for_show_01</piece_name><data_file_num>4</data_file_num><huge_file_num>0</huge_file_num><piece_num>1</piece_num><piece><bkp_seqno>0</bkp_seqno><bkp_length>17872896</bkp_length><file_name>db_bak_for_show_01.bak</file_name><content_type>DATA</content_type></piece><data_file><file_seqno>1</file_seqno><group_id>0</group_id><group_name>SYSTEM</group_name><file_id>0</file_id><file_name>/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF</file_name><mirror_name></mirror_name><file_len>77594624</file_len></data_file><data_file><file_seqno>2</file_seqno><group_id>1</group_id><group_name>ROLL</group_name><file_id>0</file_id><file_name>/dm8/data/DAMENG/ROLL.DBF</file_name><mirror_name></mirror_name><file_len>134217728</file_len></data_file><data_file><file_seqno>3</file_seqno><group_id>4</group_id><group_name>MAIN</group_name><file_id>0</file_id><file_name>/dm8/data/DAMENG/MAIN.DBF</file_name><mirror_name></mirror_name><file_len>134217728</file_len></data_file><data_file><file_seqno>4</file_seqno><group_id>5</group_id><group_name>SYSAUX</group_name><file_id>0</file_id><file_name>/dm8/data/DAMENG/SYSAWR.DBF</file_name><mirror_name></mirror_name><file_len>134217728</file_len></data_file></file_info><dbinfo><system_path>/dm8/data/DAMENG</system_path><pmnt_magic>1489116527</pmnt_magic><src_db_magic>1505680300</src_db_magic><db_magic>1505680300</db_magic><dsc_node>1</dsc_node><sys_mode>0</sys_mode><page_check>3</page_check><rlog_encrypt>0</rlog_encrypt><rlog_encrypt_id>0</rlog_encrypt_id><external_cipher_id>0</external_cipher_id><external_cipher_name></external_cipher_name><external_hash_id>0</external_hash_id><external_hash_name></external_hash_name><length_in_char>0</length_in_char><use_new_hash>1</use_new_hash><page_size>8192</page_size><extent_size>16</extent_size><case_sensitive>TRUE</case_sensitive><log_page_size>512</log_page_size><unicode_flag>0</unicode_flag><charset>0</charset><data_version>0x7000C</data_version><sys_version>V8</sys_version><enable_policy>FALSE</enable_policy><archive_flag>TRUE</archive_flag><blank_pad_mode>0</blank_pad_mode><crc_check>TRUE</crc_check><page_enc_slice_size>4096</page_enc_slice_size><char_fix_storage>0</char_fix_storage><sql_log_forbid>0</sql_log_forbid><secur_flag>2</secur_flag><db_enc_extend_size>0</db_enc_extend_size><page_check_hash_size>0</page_check_hash_size><dpc_magic>0</dpc_magic></dbinfo><tablespace_info><ts><id>0</id><name>SYSTEM</name><cache></cache><state>0</state><copy_num>0</copy_num><size_flag>0</size_flag><cipher_name></cipher_name><opt_hpc_node>65535</opt_hpc_node></ts><ts><id>1</id><name>ROLL</name><cache></cache><state>0</state><copy_num>0</copy_num><size_flag>0</size_flag><cipher_name></cipher_name><opt_hpc_node>65535</opt_hpc_node></ts><ts><id>4</id><name>MAIN</name><cache></cache><state>0</state><copy_num>0</copy_num><size_flag>0</size_flag><cipher_name></cipher_name><opt_hpc_node>65535</opt_hpc_node></ts><ts><id>5</id><name>SYSAUX</name><cache>NORMAL</cache><state>0</state><copy_num>0</copy_num><size_flag>0</size_flag><cipher_name></cipher_name><opt_hpc_node>65535</opt_hpc_node></ts></tablespace_info></backupset></group>
</backupsets>
show backupsets successfully.
time used: 24.363(ms)
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更多内容请查看官方文档《DM8备份与还原》。