在Django中可以使用CKEditor4和CKEditor5两个版本,分别对应软件包django-ckeditor和django-ckeditor-5。原来使用的是CKEditor4,python manager.py makemigrations时总是提示CKEditor4有安全风险,建议升级到CKEditor5。故卸载了CKEditor4,安装配置CKEditor5,具体步骤如下:
1. 安装CKEditor5(Debian系统):
sudo pip3 install django-ckeditor-5
2. 将“django_ckeditor_5”添加到settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS中:
INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','django_ckeditor_5',......
]
3. 在settings.py中配置CKEditor5(官网标准设置):
STATIC_URL = '/static/'MEDIA_URL = '/media/'MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')customColorPalette = [{'color': 'hsl(4, 90%, 58%)','label': 'Red'},{'color': 'hsl(340, 82%, 52%)','label': 'Pink'},{'color': 'hsl(291, 64%, 42%)','label': 'Purple'},{'color': 'hsl(262, 52%, 47%)','label': 'Deep Purple'},{'color': 'hsl(231, 48%, 48%)','label': 'Indigo'},{'color': 'hsl(207, 90%, 54%)','label': 'Blue'},]CKEDITOR_5_CUSTOM_CSS = 'path_to.css' # optionalCKEDITOR_5_FILE_STORAGE = "path_to_storage.CustomStorage" # optionalCKEDITOR_5_CONFIGS = {'default': {'toolbar': ['heading', '|', 'bold', 'italic', 'link','bulletedList', 'numberedList', 'blockQuote', 'imageUpload', ],},'extends': {'blockToolbar': ['paragraph', 'heading1', 'heading2', 'heading3','|','bulletedList', 'numberedList','|','blockQuote',],'toolbar': ['heading', '|', 'outdent', 'indent', '|', 'bold', 'italic', 'link', 'underline', 'strikethrough','code','subscript', 'superscript', 'highlight', '|', 'codeBlock', 'sourceEditing', 'insertImage','bulletedList', 'numberedList', 'todoList', '|', 'blockQuote', 'imageUpload', '|','fontSize', 'fontFamily', 'fontColor', 'fontBackgroundColor', 'mediaEmbed', 'removeFormat','insertTable',],'image': {'toolbar': ['imageTextAlternative', '|', 'imageStyle:alignLeft','imageStyle:alignRight', 'imageStyle:alignCenter', 'imageStyle:side', '|'],'styles': ['full','side','alignLeft','alignRight','alignCenter',]},'table': {'contentToolbar': [ 'tableColumn', 'tableRow', 'mergeTableCells','tableProperties', 'tableCellProperties' ],'tableProperties': {'borderColors': customColorPalette,'backgroundColors': customColorPalette},'tableCellProperties': {'borderColors': customColorPalette,'backgroundColors': customColorPalette}},'heading' : {'options': [{ 'model': 'paragraph', 'title': 'Paragraph', 'class': 'ck-heading_paragraph' },{ 'model': 'heading1', 'view': 'h1', 'title': 'Heading 1', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading1' },{ 'model': 'heading2', 'view': 'h2', 'title': 'Heading 2', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading2' },{ 'model': 'heading3', 'view': 'h3', 'title': 'Heading 3', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading3' }]}},'list': {'properties': {'styles': 'true','startIndex': 'true','reversed': 'true',}}
}
其中定义了三种配置,分别为“default”,“extends”和“list”,下面主要使用“extends”。
4. 为了使用中文字体,需要修改extends配置,增加fontFamily设置,将中文字体放在英文字体的前面。
'fontFamily': {'options': ['微软雅黑', '宋体', '黑体', '仿宋', '楷体', '隶书', '幼圆', 'Arial', 'Times New Roman', 'Verdana', 'Helvetica', 'Georgia', 'Courier New', 'Impact', 'Comic Sans MS', 'Trebuchet MS'],'supportAllValues': 'true',},
效果如下:
5. 为了使用方便,需要设置字体大小,根据word的使用习惯,按字号来设置字体, 修改extends配置,增加fontSize设置。
(1) 如果需要下拉列表的字体大小和设置字体大小一样,可以如下设置:
'options': [{ 'model':'56px', 'title': "初号"},{ 'model':'48px', 'title': "小初"},{ 'model':'34.7px', 'title': "一号"},{ 'model':'32px', 'title': "小一"},{ 'model':'29.3px', 'title': "二号"},{ 'model':'24px', 'title': "小二"},{ 'model':'21.3px', 'title': "三号"},{ 'model':'20px', 'title': "小三"},{ 'model':'18.7px', 'title': "四号"},{ 'model':'16px', 'title': "小四"},{ 'model':'14px', 'title': "五号"},{ 'model':'12px', 'title': "小五"},{ 'model':'10px', 'title': "六号"},{ 'model':'8.7px', 'title': "小六"},{ 'model':'7.3px', 'title': "七号"},{ 'model':'6.7px', 'title': "八号"},],'supportAllValues': 'true',},
效果如下:
(2) 如果不需要下拉列表的字体大小和实际字体大小一样,可以增加显示格式设置,将下拉列表字体大小都统一为14px:
'fontSize': {'options': [{ 'model':'56px', 'title': "初号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'48px', 'title': "小初", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'34.7px', 'title': "一号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'32px', 'title': "小一", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'29.3px', 'title': "二号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'24px', 'title': "小二", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'21.3px', 'title': "三号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'20px', 'title': "小三", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'18.7px', 'title': "四号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'16px', 'title': "小四", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'14px', 'title': "五号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'12px', 'title': "小五", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'10px', 'title': "六号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'8.7px', 'title': "小六", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'7.3px', 'title': "七号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'6.7px', 'title': "八号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},],'supportAllValues': 'true',},
效果如下:
我个人使用了第二种,另外加上一些常规设置,settings.py中CKEditor5的全部设置如下:
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static/")
MEDIA_URL = "media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"media/")CKEDITOR_5_CONFIGS = {
'default': {'toolbar': ['heading', '|', 'bold', 'italic', 'link','bulletedList', 'numberedList', 'blockQuote', 'imageUpload', ],
},
'extends': {'blockToolbar': ['paragraph', 'heading1', 'heading2', 'heading3','|','bulletedList', 'numberedList','|','blockQuote',],'toolbar': ['heading', '|', 'outdent', 'indent', '|', 'bold', 'italic', 'link', 'underline', 'strikethrough','code','subscript', 'superscript', 'highlight', '|', 'codeBlock', 'sourceEditing', 'insertImage','bulletedList', 'numberedList', 'todoList', '|', 'blockQuote', 'imageUpload', '|','fontSize', 'fontFamily', 'fontColor', 'fontBackgroundColor', 'mediaEmbed', 'removeFormat','insertTable',],'image': {'toolbar': ['imageTextAlternative', '|', 'imageStyle:alignLeft','imageStyle:alignRight', 'imageStyle:alignCenter', 'imageStyle:side', '|'],'styles': ['full','side','alignLeft','alignRight','alignCenter',]},'table': {'contentToolbar': [ 'tableColumn', 'tableRow', 'mergeTableCells','tableProperties', 'tableCellProperties' ],'tableProperties': {'borderColors': customColorPalette,'backgroundColors': customColorPalette},'tableCellProperties': {'borderColors': customColorPalette,'backgroundColors': customColorPalette}},'heading' : {'options': [{ 'model': 'paragraph', 'title': 'Paragraph', 'class': 'ck-heading_paragraph' },{ 'model': 'heading1', 'view': 'h1', 'title': 'Heading 1', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading1' },{ 'model': 'heading2', 'view': 'h2', 'title': 'Heading 2', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading2' },{ 'model': 'heading3', 'view': 'h3', 'title': 'Heading 3', 'class': 'ck-heading_heading3' }]},'fontFamily': {'options': ['微软雅黑', '宋体', '黑体', '仿宋', '楷体', '隶书', '幼圆', 'Arial', 'Times New Roman', 'Verdana', 'Helvetica', 'Georgia', 'Courier New', 'Impact', 'Comic Sans MS', 'Trebuchet MS'],'supportAllValues': 'true',},'fontSize': {'options': [{ 'model':'56px', 'title': "初号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'48px', 'title': "小初", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'34.7px', 'title': "一号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'32px', 'title': "小一", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'29.3px', 'title': "二号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'24px', 'title': "小二", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'21.3px', 'title': "三号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'20px', 'title': "小三", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'18.7px', 'title': "四号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'16px', 'title': "小四", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'14px', 'title': "五号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'12px', 'title': "小五", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'10px', 'title': "六号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'8.7px', 'title': "小六", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'7.3px', 'title': "七号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},{ 'model':'6.7px', 'title': "八号", 'view': {'styles': { "font-size": '14px' }}},],'supportAllValues': 'true',},'height': '800px',
},
'list': {'properties': {'styles': 'true','startIndex': 'true','reversed': 'true',}
}
}# Define a constant in settings.py to specify file upload permissions
CKEDITOR_5_FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSION = "authenticated" # Possible values: "staff", "authenticated", "any"CKEDITOR_5_USER_LANGUAGE=True #使用Django配置的语言
6.修改项目的urls.py,如下所示:
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import staticurlpatterns = [path('admin/login/', sign_in, name='admin_login'), #替代admin原始登录界面path('admin/', admin.site.urls),......
]urlpatterns += [
path("ckeditor5/", include('django_ckeditor_5.urls')),
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
7. 在项目应用(假设为myapp)的models.py中新建CKEditor类:
from django.db import models
from django_ckeditor_5.fields import CKEditor5Fieldclass CkeditorArt(models.Model):#content = models.TextField(verbose_name='内容')article_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)title = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='标题',default='CKEditor编辑页面')content = CKEditor5Field('内容',config_name='extends')#定义模型在admin管理界面显示名称,也可在admin.py中新建ModelAdmin类使用list_display来设置def __str__(self):return f"{self.title},{self.content}"
8. 在项目应用(myapp)的forms.py中新建表单类:
from django import forms
from django_ckeditor_5.widgets import CKEditor5Widget
from .models import CkeditorArtclass PostAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)self.fields["content"].required = Falsetitle = forms.CharField(label='文章标题',max_length=200, required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "在这里输入标题",'style': 'width: 500px;'}),)class Meta:model = CkeditorArtfields = ('title','content')widgets = {"content": CKEditor5Widget(attrs={"class": "django_ckeditor_5"}, config_name="extends")}
此处的CKEditor的配置config_name为前面setttings.py中设置extends配置。
9. 为便于使用Django后台管理CKEditor表单提交的内容,在项目应用(myapp)的admin.py中增加如下内容:
from .models import CkeditorArt
class CkeditorArtAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('title','content')
admin.site.register(CkeditorArt,CkeditorArtAdmin)
10. 更新数据库和static文件
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
python3 manage.py collectstatic
11. 在项目应用(myapp)的urls.py中设置路径:
from django.urls import path
from . import viewsurlpatterns = [path('Ckeditor/', views.Ckeditor, name='ckeditor'),.....]
12. 在项目应用(myapp)的views.py中新建上面提到的view函数Ckeditor:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .forms import PostAdminForm@login_required(login_url='/login/') #需要登录用户权限
def Ckeditor(request):""" 自定义form表单 """if request.method == 'POST':form = PostAdminForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid():form.save()return render(request, 'form-post-finished.html')form = PostAdminForm()return render(request, 'ckeditor-form.html', {'form':form})
13. 在项目应用(myapp)的templates目录下新建上面提到的ckeditor-form.html,主要内容如下:
{% extends "newdesign/newbase.html" %}{% block mytitle %} <title>Ckeditor富文本编辑</title>{% endblock %}{% block maincontent %}<div class="row"><form method="post", class="form-horizontal">{% csrf_token %}<p>标题: {{form.title |safe}}</p><p>文章内容:</p> {{form.content |safe}}{{form.media}}<input type="submit" value="Submit"></form></div> {% endblock %}
通过地址/myapp/Ckeditor即可访问CKEditor编辑页面,可以直接把word排版好的内容拷贝过来,格式和照片等都可以按word的排版正常显示。
14. 在CKEditor表单页面输入文章标题,完成文章内容,示例如下,然后submit提交。
提交后可以在Django的管理后台看到相关记录:
15. 下面将所有文章以列表的形式在网页上展示出来,点击列表中文章的标题,即可展示文章内容,效果如下:
(1) 在项目应用(myapp)的urls.py中设置bloglist和每篇文章的路径:
from django.urls import path
from . import viewsurlpatterns = [path('Ckeditor/', views.Ckeditor, name='ckeditor'),path('bloglist/', views.Bloglist, name='bloglist'), path('blog/<str:article_id>/', views.Showblog, name='showblog'),
]
(2) 在项目应用(myapp)的views.py中新建上面提到的view函数Bloglist和Showblog:
from .models import CkeditorArt
#@login_required(login_url='/login/')
def Showblog(request,article_id):try:article = CkeditorArt.objects.get(article_id=article_id)return render(request, 'showblog.html', {'content':article.content,'title':article.title})except CkeditorArt.DoesNotExist:message = '<h1 style="color: red;">文章没找到!<h1>'return render(request, 'showblog.html', {'content':message,'title':'文章没找到'})#@login_required(login_url='/login/')
def Bloglist(request):#values返回字典,values_list返回元组objs = CkeditorArt.objects.values('article_id','title')context = {'objs':objs,}return render(request,'bloglist.html', context)
(3) 在项目应用(myapp)的templates目录下新建上面提到的bloglist.html和showblog.html
bloglist.html
{% extends "newdesign/newbase.html" %}{% block mytitle %}<title>BLOG列表</title>{% endblock %}{% block maincontent %} <h1>这是CkEditor编辑的BLOG清单</h1><div><ul>{% for obj in objs %}<h5>文章{{obj.article_id}}: <a href="/myapp/blog/{{ obj.article_id }}/">{{obj.title}}</a></h5>{% endfor %}</ul></div>{% endblock %}
showblog.html
{% extends "newdesign/newbase.html" %}{% block mytitle %} <title>{{title}}</title>{% endblock %}{% block maincontent %}<h2>{{title}}</h2>{{content|safe}}{% endblock %}
至此,通过CKEditor就基本实现了一个简单博客网站的功能。