为RTEMS Raspberrypi4 BSP添加SPI支持
主要参考了dev/bsps/shared/dev/spi/cadence-spi.c
RTEMS 使用了基于linux的SPI框架,SPI总线驱动已经在内核中实现。在这个项目中我需要实习的是 RPI4的SPI主机控制器驱动
SPI在RTEMS中的实现如图:
首先需要将SPI主机控制器设备在总线上注册,注册函数如下:
rtems_status_code raspberrypi_spi_init(raspberrypi_spi_device device)
{raspberrypi_spi_bus *bus;int eno;volatile raspberrypi_spi *regs;const char *bus_path;bus = (raspberrypi_spi_bus *) spi_bus_alloc_and_init(sizeof(*bus));if (bus == NULL) {return RTEMS_UNSATISFIED;}switch (device) {case raspberrypi_SPI0:regs = (volatile raspberrypi_spi *) BCM2711_SPI0_BASE;bus_path = "/dev/spidev0";break;case raspberrypi_SPI3:regs = (volatile raspberrypi_spi *) BCM2711_SPI3_BASE;bus_path = "/dev/spidev3";break;case raspberrypi_SPI4:regs = (volatile raspberrypi_spi *) BCM2711_SPI4_BASE;bus_path = "/dev/spidev4";break;case raspberrypi_SPI5:regs = (volatile raspberrypi_spi *) BCM2711_SPI5_BASE;bus_path = "/dev/spidev5";break;case raspberrypi_SPI6:regs = (volatile raspberrypi_spi *) BCM2711_SPI6_BASE;bus_path = "/dev/spidev6";break;default:spi_bus_destroy_and_free(&bus->base);return RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER;break;}eno = spi_bus_register(&bus->base, bus_path);if (eno != 0) {spi_bus_destroy_and_free(&bus->base);return RTEMS_UNSATISFIED;}eno = raspberrypi_spi_init_gpio(device);if (eno != 0) {spi_bus_destroy_and_free(&bus->base);return RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER;}bus->regs = regs;bus->num_cs = 2;bus->base.transfer = raspberrypi_spi_transfer;bus->base.destroy = raspberrypi_spi_destroy;bus->base.setup = raspberrypi_spi_setup;bus->base.bits_per_word = 8;bus->base.max_speed_hz = 250000000;bus->base.cs = 0;
#ifdef BSP_SPI_USE_INTERRUPTSbus->irq = BCM2711_IRQ_SPI;eno = rtems_interrupt_handler_install(bus->irq,"SPI",RTEMS_INTERRUPT_SHARED,raspberrypi_spi_interrupt,bus);if (eno != RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL) {return EAGAIN;}
#endifreturn RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL;
}
调用 spi_bus_alloc_and_init
,此为SPI总线驱动实现的函数,位于RTEMS内核 dev/cpukit/dev/spi/spi-bus.c
。
Allocates a bus control from the heap and initializes it. After a sucessful allocation and initialization the bus control must be destroyed via spi_bus_destroy_and_free(). A registered bus control will be automatically destroyed in case the device file is unlinked. Make sure to call spi_bus_destroy_and_free() in a custom destruction handler.参数:
size – The size of the bus control. This enables the addition of bus controller specific data to the base bus control. The bus control is zero initialized.返回值:
non-NULL The new bus control.
NULL An error occurred. The errno is set to indicate the error.
在switch
结构中根据枚举变量raspberrypi_spi_device
的值分别选择 SPI寄存器地址
和 dev目录下的路径名称
。寄存器地址定义在 raspberrypi.h
文件中。
设置bus的各种参数和接口函数。
使用宏定义BSP_SPI_USE_INTERRUPTS
选择驱动使用中断模式或轮询模式。
中端句柄的安装,考虑到同时启用多个SPI的情况,使用RTEMS_INTERRUPT_SHARED
。
eno = rtems_interrupt_handler_install(bus->irq,"SPI",RTEMS_INTERRUPT_SHARED,raspberrypi_spi_interrupt,bus);
调用spi_bus_register
,将设备注册进总线。此函数为SPI总线驱动中实现的函数。
调用raspberrypi_spi_init_gpio
,初始化gpio,将gpio设置为正确的功能。将此函数后置的原因:总线注册失败时,避免对gpio进行复原。
接下来介绍transfer函数,用于处理SPI读写。
static int raspberrypi_spi_transfer(spi_bus *base,const spi_ioc_transfer *msgs,uint32_t msg_count
)
{int rv = 0;raspberrypi_spi_bus *bus;bus = (raspberrypi_spi_bus *) base;rv = raspberrypi_spi_check_msg(bus, msgs, msg_count);if (rv == 0) {bus->msg_todo = msg_count;bus->msg = msgs;
#ifdef BSP_SPI_USE_INTERRUPTSbus->task_id = rtems_task_self();raspberrypi_spi_start(bus);rtems_event_transient_receive(RTEMS_WAIT, RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT);
#elseraspberrypi_spi_transfer_msg(bus);
#endif}return rv;
}
调用raspberrypi_spi_check_msg
函数,对msg进行检查,主要检查是否使用了驱动不支持的模式,cs是否超过cs的总数。
这里需要传入msg_count,因为msgs是地址连续的一个队列,可能包含多个msg。
检查通过则将数据的信息结构体的部分变量
赋值给bus结构体中的相应变量。
如果使用中断模式则进入raspberrypi_spi_start
,轮询模式则进入raspberrypi_spi_transfer_msg
。
本文主要介绍中断模式。
raspberrypi_spi_start
只需要将传输启动,对于RPI4的SPI控制器,将TA=1,就会立即触发第一个中断,我认为这是与其他BSP不同的点。
static void raspberrypi_spi_start(raspberrypi_spi_bus *bus)
{volatile raspberrypi_spi *regs;regs = bus->regs;regs->spics = regs->spics | RPI_SPICS_INTR | RPI_SPICS_INTD;/* * Set TA = 1. This will immediately trigger a first interrupt with * DONE = 1. */regs->spics = regs->spics | RPI_SPICS_TA;
}
中断处理函数如下:
static void raspberrypi_spi_interrupt(void *arg)
{raspberrypi_spi_bus *bus;volatile raspberrypi_spi *regs;uint32_t val;bus = arg;regs = bus->regs;if (raspberrypi_spi_irq(regs)) {if (bus->todo > 0) {raspberrypi_spi_push(bus, regs);} else {--bus->msg_todo;++bus->msg;raspberrypi_spi_next_msg(bus);}while (regs->spics & RPI_SPICS_RXD && bus->in_transfer > 0) {/* RX FIFO contains at least 1 byte. */val = regs->spififo;if (bus->rx_buf != NULL) {*bus->rx_buf = (uint8_t)val;++bus->rx_buf;}--bus->in_transfer;}}
}
函数 raspberrypi_spi_irq
用于判断中断是否是由当前SPI设备产生。这使得多个SPI设备可以同时使用。
函数raspberrypi_spi_next_msg
用于切换到下一个msg,并将msg结构体中的剩余变量赋值给bus结构体。
rtems_event_transient_receive 和 rtems_event_transient_send 至关重要
传输开始时调用rtems_event_transient_receive
。
bus->task_id = rtems_task_self();rtems_event_transient_receive(RTEMS_WAIT, RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT);
传输结束时调用rtems_event_transient_send
。
rtems_event_transient_send(bus->task_id);
保证一条传输命令在传输结束前阻塞。