华为云物联网平台（IoT 设备接入云服务）提供海量设备的接入和管理能力，可以将自己的 IoT 设备 联接到华为云，支撑设备数据采集上云和云端下发命令给设备进行远程控制，配合华为云物联网平台的服 务实现设备与设备之间的控制，设备与物联网平台之间的数据信息交互。
在写代码之前先准备好华为云的环境。
注册华为云账号，这里就不介绍了，有手机就行，需要进行实名认证。
在控制台选择北京四，因为其他的可能需要企业才能使用，作为个人开发者就用北京四吧。
创建设备实例。
能看到设备实例的信息
我们要是用的接入方式-mqtt
通过接入地址查询IP。
记住这个IP地址。
创建新产品
注册设备
注意：生成好的设备 ID 和设备秘钥一定到妥善保管，只生成这一份。
创建产品模型
填写服务ID和服务类型
在此服务下“添加属性”,用于上传开发板上的数据,以风扇为例,其他的传感器也是类似的方法。
创建了两个
在此服务下“添加命令”，用于控制开发板上可以控制的设备，以风扇为例，其他的传感器也是类似的方法。
根据设备信息，生成用户名和密码
1.打开由华为云提供的生成用户名和密码的网址，进行生成
Huaweicloud IoTDA Mqtt ClientId Generator
2.填写生成好的设备ID和设备秘钥，点击按钮，生成用户名和密码
注意:下面的图片提供了方法。
这两个就是刚刚注册设备时候要求保存的，应该被保存在一个txt中了。
3.将生成好的信息(ClientD、Usemame、Password)，修改文件“D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\hqyj\fs_hi3861\demo\cloud_01_HuaWei_IoTDA\cloud_huawei_iotda_example.c”，下面内容直接替换。
ip用刚刚查询的mqtt地址。
数据结构参考设备属性上报_设备接入 IoTDA (huaweicloud.com)
向云端设置属性的数据格式如下所示:
{"services": [{"service_id": "attribute","properties": {"status": "ON","color": 60}}]
}代码编写
修改D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\BUILD.gn文件
# Copyright (c) 2023 Beijing HuaQing YuanJian Education Technology Co., Ltd
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License. import("//build/lite/config/component/lite_component.gni")lite_component("demo") {features = [#"base_00_helloworld:base_helloworld_example",#"base_01_led:base_led_example",#"base_02_loopkey:base_loopkey_example",#"base_03_irqkey:base_irqkey_example",#"base_04_adc:base_adc_example",#"base_05_pwm:base_pwm_example",#"base_06_ssd1306:base_ssd1306_example",#"kernel_01_task:kernel_task_example",#"kernel_02_timer:kernel_timer_example",#"kernel_03_event:kernel_event_example",#"kernel_04_mutex:kernel_mutex_example",#"kernel_05_semaphore_as_mutex:kernel_semaphore_as_mutex_example",#"kernel_06_semaphore_for_sync:kernel_semaphore_for_sync_example",#"kernel_07_semaphore_for_count:kernel_semaphore_for_count_example",#"kernel_08_message_queue:kernel_message_queue_example",#"wifi_09_hotspot:wifi_hotspot_example",#"wifi_10_sta:wifi_sta_example",#"tcp_11_server:tcp_server_example",#"tcp_12_client:tcp_client_example",#"udp_13_server:udp_server_example",#"udp_14_client:udp_client_example",#"network_15_mqtt:network_mqtt_example",#"network_16_sntp:network_sntp_example",#"network_17_httpd:network_httpd_example","cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA:cloud_huawei_iotda_example",]
}创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA文件夹
文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\BUILD.gn文件
# Copyright (c) 2023 Beijing HuaQing YuanJian Education Technology Co., Ltd
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License. static_library("cloud_huawei_iotda_example") {sources = ["cloud_huawei_iotda_example.c","network_mqtt.c","wifi_connecter.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTConnectClient.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTConnectServer.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTDeserializePublish.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTFormat.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTPacket.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSerializePublish.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSubscribeClient.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTSubscribeServer.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTUnsubscribeServer.c","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src/MQTTUnsubscribeClient.c",]include_dirs = ["//utils/native/lite/include","//kernel/liteos_m/kal/cmsis","//base/iot_hardware/peripheral/interfaces/kits","//foundation/communication/wifi_lite/interfaces/wifiservice","//third_party/paho.mqtt.embedded-c/MQTTPacket/src","//third_party/cJSON",]
}文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\wifi_connecter.h文件，该头文件包含wifi连接的宏。文件同network_16_sntp\wifi_connecter.h
文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\wifi_connecter.c文件，文件同network_16_sntp\wifi_connecter.c
文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\network_mqtt.h文件，文件同network_15_mqtt\network_mqtt.h文件，文件主要包含mqtt的函数。
文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\network_mqtt.c文件，文件同network_15_mqtt\network_mqtt.h文件,文件主要包含mqtt的函数实现。
文件夹中创建D:\DevEcoProjects\test\src\vendor\rtplay\rt_hi3861\demo\cloud_18_HuaWei_IoTDA\cloud_huawei_iotda_example.c文件
/** Copyright (c) 2023 Beijing HuaQing YuanJian Education Technology Co., Ltd* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.* You may obtain a copy of the License at** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>#include "cJSON.h"
#include "cmsis_os2.h"
#include "hi_gpio.h"
#include "hi_io.h"
#include "iot_errno.h"
#include "iot_gpio.h"
#include "iot_pwm.h"
#include "network_mqtt.h"
#include "ohos_init.h"
#include "wifi_connecter.h"// 设备密码 fs12345678
// 设备ID
#define DEVICE_ID "668651baa559ef622666a845_hi3861"
// MQTT客户端ID
#define MQTT_CLIENT_ID "668651baa559ef622666a845_hi3861_0_0_2024070407"
// MQTT用户名
#define MQTT_USER_NAME "668651baa559ef622666a845_hi3861"
// MQTT密码
#define MQTT_PASS_WORD "d5b00ad95964f8016c9e6f79c8269265720d770acd7e97bf73cf30a339b04997"
// 华为云平台的IP地址
#define SERVER_IP_ADDR "117.78.5.125"
// 华为云平台的IP端口号
#define SERVER_IP_PORT 1883
// 订阅 接收控制命令的主题
#define MQTT_TOPIC_SUB_COMMANDS "$oc/devices/%s/sys/commands/#"
// 发布 成功接收到控制命令后的主题
#define MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ "$oc/devices/%s/sys/commands/response/request_id=%s"
#define MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ "$oc/devices//sys/commands/response/request_id="// 发布 设备属性数据的主题
#define MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_PROPERTIES "$oc/devices/%s/sys/properties/report"
#define MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_PROPERTIES "$oc/devices//sys/properties/report"#define TASK_STACK_SIZE (1024 * 10)
#define MsgQueueObjectNumber 16 // 定义消息队列对象的个数
typedef struct message_sensorData {uint8_t status; // LED灯当前的状态uint8_t color; // 颜色值
} msg_sensorData_t;
msg_sensorData_t sensorData = {0}; // 传感器的数据
osThreadId_t mqtt_send_task_id; // mqtt 发布数据任务ID
osThreadId_t mqtt_recv_task_id; // mqtt 接收数据任务ID
osThreadId_t key_detection_task_id; // 按键检测任务ID
#define MQTT_SEND_TASK_TIME 10 // s
#define MQTT_RECV_TASK_TIME 1 // s
#define TASK_INIT_TIME 2 // s
#define DISPLAY_BUFF_MAX 64
#define MQTT_DATA_MAX 256#define RED_LED_PIN_NAME HI_IO_NAME_GPIO_10
#define RED_LED_PIN_FUNCTION WIFI_IOT_IO_FUNC_GPIO_10_GPIO
#define GREEN_LED_PIN_NAME HI_IO_NAME_GPIO_2
#define GREEN_LED_PIN_FUNCTION WIFI_IOT_IO_FUNC_GPIO_2_GPIO
#define BLUE_LED_PIN_NAME HI_IO_NAME_GPIO_7
#define BLUE_LED_PIN_FUNCTION WIFI_IOT_IO_FUNC_GPIO_7_GPIO
#define PWM0_PORT_NUM (0)
#define PWM1_PORT_NUM (1)
#define PWM2_PORT_NUM (2)
#define PWM_FREQ_DIVITION 64000#define KEY1 HI_IO_NAME_GPIO_6 // 对应按键key1
#define KEY2 HI_IO_NAME_GPIO_5 // 对应按键key2
#define TASK_DELAY_TIME (200 * 1000)static int g_netId = -1;
uint8_t publish_topic[MQTT_DATA_MAX] = {0};
uint8_t mqtt_data[MQTT_DATA_MAX] = {0};unsigned short duty0 = 0, duty1 = 0, duty2 = 0; // pwm占空比记录变量
hi_gpio_value val1, val1_last, val2, val2_last; // GPIO的状态值/*** @brief 灯光开关*/
void led_switch(uint8_t status)
{if (status == 1) {if (duty0 == 0) duty0 = 100;if (duty1 == 0) duty1 = 100;if (duty2 == 0) duty2 = 100;IoTPwmStart(PWM0_PORT_NUM, duty0, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM1_PORT_NUM, duty1, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM2_PORT_NUM, duty2, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);} else {IoTPwmStart(PWM0_PORT_NUM, 0, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM1_PORT_NUM, 0, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM2_PORT_NUM, 0, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);}
}/*** @brief 设置灯光颜色*/
void led_color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b)
{printf("led_color: %d %d %d\r\n", r, g, b);IoTPwmStart(PWM0_PORT_NUM, b, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM1_PORT_NUM, r, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);IoTPwmStart(PWM2_PORT_NUM, g, PWM_FREQ_DIVITION);
}/*** @brief 组JSON数据*/
int Packaged_json_data(void)
{cJSON *root = NULL, *array = NULL, *services = NULL;cJSON *properties = NULL;int ret = 0;// 组JSON数据root = cJSON_CreateObject(); // 创建一个对象services = cJSON_CreateArray();cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "services", services);array = cJSON_CreateObject();cJSON_AddStringToObject(array, "service_id", "attribute");properties = cJSON_CreateObject();cJSON_AddItemToObject(array, "properties", properties);cJSON_AddStringToObject(properties, "status", sensorData.status ? "ON" : "OFF");cJSON_AddNumberToObject(properties, "color", (int)sensorData.color);cJSON_AddItemToArray(services, array); // 将对象添加到数组中/* 格式化打印创建的带数组的JSON对象 */char *str_print = cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);if (str_print != NULL) {// printf("%s\n", str_print);if (strcpy_s(mqtt_data, strlen(str_print) + 1, str_print) == 0) {ret = 0;} else {ret = -1;}cJSON_free(str_print);} else {ret = -1;}if (root != NULL) {cJSON_Delete(root);} else {ret = -1;}properties = str_print = root = array = services = NULL;return ret;
}/*** @brief MQTT 上报消息*/
void mqtt_client_pub(void)
{// 组Topicmemset_s(publish_topic, MQTT_DATA_MAX, 0, MQTT_DATA_MAX);if (sprintf_s(publish_topic, MQTT_DATA_MAX, MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_PROPERTIES, DEVICE_ID) > 0) {// 组JSON数据Packaged_json_data();// 发布消息MQTTClient_pub(publish_topic, mqtt_data, strlen((char *)mqtt_data));}
}/*** @brief MQTT 周期发布消息任务*/
void mqtt_send_task(void)
{while (1) {mqtt_client_pub();sleep(MQTT_SEND_TASK_TIME);}
}int get_jsonData_value(const cJSON *const object, uint8_t *value)
{cJSON *json_value = NULL;int ret = -1;json_value = cJSON_GetObjectItem(object, "value");if (json_value) {if (!strcmp(json_value->valuestring, "ON")) {*value = 1;json_value = NULL;ret = 0; // 0为成功} else if (!strcmp(json_value->valuestring, "OFF")) {*value = 0;json_value = NULL;ret = 0;}}json_value = NULL;return ret; // -1为失败
}/*** @brief 解析JSON数据*/
int Parsing_json_data(const char *payload)
{cJSON *root = NULL, *command_name = NULL, *paras = NULL, *value = NULL;cJSON *red = NULL, *green = NULL, *blue = NULL;int ret_code = 1;root = cJSON_Parse((const char *)payload);if (root) {// 解析JSON数据command_name = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "command_name");paras = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "paras");if (command_name) {if (!strcmp(command_name->valuestring, "led")) {ret_code = get_jsonData_value(paras, &sensorData.status);// 操作硬件led_switch(sensorData.status);} else if (!strcmp(command_name->valuestring, "RGB")) {red = cJSON_GetObjectItem(paras, "red");green = cJSON_GetObjectItem(paras, "green");blue = cJSON_GetObjectItem(paras, "blue");led_color(red->valueint, green->valueint, blue->valueint);ret_code = 0; // 0为成功}}}cJSON_Delete(root);root = command_name = paras = value = red = green = blue = NULL;return ret_code;
}// 向云端发送返回值
void send_cloud_request_code(const char *request_id, int ret_code, int request_len)
{char *request_topic =(char *)malloc(strlen(MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ) + strlen(DEVICE_ID) + request_len + 1);if (request_topic != NULL) {memset_s(request_topic, strlen(DEVICE_ID) + strlen(MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ) + request_len + 1, 0,strlen(DEVICE_ID) + strlen(MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ) + request_len + 1);if (sprintf_s(request_topic, strlen(DEVICE_ID) + strlen(MALLOC_MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ) + request_len + 1,MQTT_TOPIC_PUB_COMMANDS_REQ, DEVICE_ID, request_id) > 0) {if (ret_code == 0) {MQTTClient_pub(request_topic, "{\"result_code\":0}", strlen("{\"result_code\":0}"));} else if (ret_code == 1) {MQTTClient_pub(request_topic, "{\"result_code\":1}", strlen("{\"result_code\":1}"));}}free(request_topic);request_topic = NULL;}
}
/*** @brief MQTT接收数据的回调函数*/
int8_t mqttClient_sub_callback(unsigned char *topic, unsigned char *payload)
{if ((topic == NULL) || (payload == NULL)) {return -1;} else {printf("topic: %s\r\n", topic);printf("payload: %s\r\n", payload);// 提取出topic中的request_idchar request_id[50] = {0};int ret_code = 1; // 1为失败if (0 == strcpy_s(request_id, sizeof(request_id),topic + strlen(DEVICE_ID) + strlen("$oc/devices//sys/commands/request_id="))) {printf("request_id: %s\r\n", request_id);// 解析JSON数据ret_code = Parsing_json_data(payload);send_cloud_request_code(request_id, ret_code, sizeof(request_id));}}return 0;
}/*** @brief MQTT 接收消息任务*/
void mqtt_recv_task(void)
{while (1) {MQTTClient_sub();sleep(MQTT_RECV_TASK_TIME);}
}/*** @brief 按键检测任务*/
void key_detection_task(void)
{while (1) {hi_gpio_get_input_val(KEY1, &val1); // 获取GPIO引脚的状态if (val1 != val1_last) {// 当GPIO状态改变的时候, 打印输出printf("key1Value: %s\r\n", val1 ? "HI_GPIO_VALUE_1" : "HI_GPIO_VALUE_0");val1_last = val1;if (!val1_last) { // 按键被按下if (sensorData.status) {sensorData.status = 0;led_switch(sensorData.status);mqtt_client_pub();} else {sensorData.status = 1;led_switch(sensorData.status);mqtt_client_pub();}}printf("key1Value: end\r\n");}hi_gpio_get_input_val(KEY2, &val2); // 获取GPIO引脚的状态if (val2 != val2_last) {// 当GPIO状态改变的时候, 打印输出printf("key2Value: %s\r\n", val2 ? "HI_GPIO_VALUE_1" : "HI_GPIO_VALUE_0");val2_last = val2;}// 200ms一检测usleep(TASK_DELAY_TIME); // 200ms sleep}
}static void network_wifi_mqtt_example(void)
{// 外设的初始化// 灯光pwm初始化hi_io_set_func(RED_LED_PIN_NAME, HI_IO_FUNC_GPIO_10_PWM1_OUT);hi_io_set_func(GREEN_LED_PIN_NAME, HI_IO_FUNC_GPIO_2_PWM2_OUT);hi_io_set_func(BLUE_LED_PIN_NAME, HI_IO_FUNC_GPIO_7_PWM0_OUT);IoTPwmInit(PWM0_PORT_NUM);IoTPwmInit(PWM1_PORT_NUM);IoTPwmInit(PWM2_PORT_NUM);// 按键初始化hi_gpio_init(); // GPIO初始化hi_io_set_pull(KEY1, HI_IO_PULL_UP); // 设置GPIO上拉hi_io_set_func(KEY1, HI_IO_FUNC_GPIO_6_GPIO); // 设置IO16为GPIO功能hi_gpio_set_dir(KEY1, HI_GPIO_DIR_IN); // 设置GPIO为输入模式hi_io_set_pull(KEY2, HI_IO_PULL_UP); // 设置GPIO上拉hi_io_set_func(KEY2, HI_IO_FUNC_GPIO_5_GPIO); // 设置IO15为GPIO功能hi_gpio_set_dir(KEY2, HI_GPIO_DIR_IN); // 设置GPIO为输入模式p_MQTTClient_sub_callback = &mqttClient_sub_callback;// 连接WiFiWifiDeviceConfig config = {0};// 准备AP的配置参数// strcpy(config.ssid, PARAM_HOTSPOT_SSID);// strcpy(config.preSharedKey, PARAM_HOTSPOT_PSK);strcpy_s(config.ssid, WIFI_MAX_SSID_LEN, PARAM_HOTSPOT_SSID);strcpy_s(config.preSharedKey, WIFI_MAX_KEY_LEN, PARAM_HOTSPOT_PSK);config.securityType = PARAM_HOTSPOT_TYPE;g_netId = ConnectToHotspot(&config);printf("netId = %d\r\n", g_netId);sleep(TASK_INIT_TIME);// 连接MQTT服务器if (MQTTClient_connectServer(SERVER_IP_ADDR, SERVER_IP_PORT) != WIFI_SUCCESS) {printf("[error] mqttClient_connectServer\r\n");}sleep(TASK_INIT_TIME);// 初始化MQTT客户端if (MQTTClient_init(MQTT_CLIENT_ID, MQTT_USER_NAME, MQTT_PASS_WORD) != WIFI_SUCCESS) {printf("[error] mqttClient_init\r\n");}sleep(TASK_INIT_TIME);// 订阅主题if (MQTTClient_subscribe(MQTT_TOPIC_SUB_COMMANDS) != WIFI_SUCCESS) {printf("[error] mqttClient_subscribe\r\n");}sleep(TASK_INIT_TIME);mqtt_client_pub(); // 连接后上报一次消息// 创建线程osThreadAttr_t options;options.name = "mqtt_send_task";options.attr_bits = 0;options.cb_mem = NULL;options.cb_size = 0;options.stack_mem = NULL;options.stack_size = TASK_STACK_SIZE;options.priority = osPriorityNormal;mqtt_send_task_id = osThreadNew((osThreadFunc_t)mqtt_send_task, NULL, &options);if (mqtt_send_task_id != NULL) {printf("ID = %d, Create mqtt_send_task_id is OK!\r\n", mqtt_send_task_id);}options.name = "mqtt_recv_task";options.stack_size = TASK_STACK_SIZE;mqtt_recv_task_id = osThreadNew((osThreadFunc_t)mqtt_recv_task, NULL, &options);if (mqtt_recv_task_id != NULL) {printf("ID = %d, Create mqtt_recv_task_id is OK!\r\n", mqtt_recv_task_id);}options.name = "key_detection_task";options.stack_size = TASK_STACK_SIZE;key_detection_task_id = osThreadNew((osThreadFunc_t)key_detection_task, NULL, &options);if (key_detection_task_id != NULL) {printf("ID = %d, Create key_detection_task is OK!\r\n", key_detection_task_id);}
}
SYS_RUN(network_wifi_mqtt_example);
其中有三个任务，分别是mqtt的周期上报，模拟温度计类的需要定时上报的功能，mqtt接收任务，用来处理服务器下发的控制命令，还有一个任务用来检测按键，当key1按下时切换灯的开关。
使用build，编译成功后，使用upload进行烧录。
这是可以从设备信息中看到设备在线，并且能看到设备上报的状态。
通过服务器下发设备控制命令，举例控制设备灯开关。
设备收到服务器发来的数据。
同时服务器也会更新设备上报的状态。
