关键词:应用遗传流行病学;群体测序;群体基因组;基因组变异检测;
文献简介
- 标题(英文):Detection of De Novo PAX2 Variants and Phenotypes in Chinese Population: A Single-Center Study
- 标题(中文):中国人群中PAX2新生突变的检测及表型分析:一项单中心研究
- 发表期刊:Genes
- 作者单位:重庆医科大学附属儿童医院、重庆市儿科重点实验室等
- 发表年份:2022
- 文章地址:https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.799562
图1 文献介绍
PAX2is a member of the PAX family of transcription factors, which localizes to human chromosome band 10q24, spans 84.2 kb, and contains 12 coding exons (Rossanti et al., 2020). It is usually expressed in the urogenital system, eye, ear, and central nervous system. Animal model findings show thatPAX2plays a vital role in cellular regeneration and organ development (Bower et al., 2012;Naiman et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2018).PAX2variants are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and these variants were initially characterized through the presence of kidney dysplasia and optic nerve abnormalities.
本文通过一项单中心回顾性分析研究了中国人群中PAX2新生突变与表型的关系。该研究报告了一些具有独特表现和合并症的患者,并报告了三种以前从未报道过的变异。通过对中国人群PAX2新生突变与表型的分析,研究者建议对有明显肾发育不良和眼部异常证据的患者进行基因检测并尽早开始保护性治疗。
测序流程
图2
FIGURE 2. (A) PAX2 domain structure and localization of seven variants in this article. The variants marked with red in the figure refer to the novel variants reported for the first time. PAX2 is characterized by an N-terminal paired domain consisting of the N terminus (red) and C terminus (yellow). The relative locations of the other domains are also indicated, including the octapeptide motif (green), the homeodomain(blue), and a transactivation domain (violet). (B) Pedigrees of 10 families. The genetic variants of patient 10 originated from the mother, and his mother had clinical manifestations. The variant of patient 4 originated from her father, whose manifestations were not obvious.
图2.(A)PAX2 结构域结构和本文中七个变体的定位。图中标有红色的变异株是指首次报道的新变异株。PAX2 的特征在于由 N 末端(红色)和 C 末端(黄色)组成的 N 末端配对结构域。还指出了其他结构域的相对位置,包括八肽基序(绿色)、同源结构域(蓝色)和反式激活结构域(紫色)。(B)10个家庭的系谱。患者10的基因变异来源于母亲,其母亲有临床表现。患者4的变异源自她的父亲,其表现并不明显。
图2对10个患者上检测到的PAX2基因新生突变位置分布进行了表征并展示了10个患者家系的系谱关系,分析了致病性突变的来源。
图3 文献引用软件
本文通过单中心10个患者及其父母血液样本进行靶向富集测序,使用Sentieon或GATK分析流程用于变异检测。根据ACMG指南对有害突变进行判定,并使用Sanger测序对二代测序结果中鉴定的致病性新生突变进行验证。
Sentieon软件团队拥有丰富的软件开发及算法优化工程经验,致力于解决生物数据分析中的速度与准确度瓶颈,为来自于分子诊断、药物研发、临床医疗、人群队列、动植物等多个领域的合作伙伴提供高效精准的软件解决方案,共同推动基因技术的发展。
截至2023年3月份,Sentieon已经在全球范围内为1300+用户提供服务,被世界一级影响因子刊物如NEJM、Cell、Nature等广泛引用,引用次数超过700篇。此外,Sentieon连续数年摘得了Precision FDA、Dream Challenges等多个权威评比的桂冠,在业内获得广泛认可。
文献结论
图4 文献结论
Results:The mean age for developing the first symptom in 10 unrelated children was 7.2 years old. Proteinuria and bilateral kidney dysplasia were found in every patient. Two children underwent kidney histological examination; one child showed high-intensity C1q deposition in the kidney, and the other child showed focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Three children hadPAX2-related ocular abnormalities, including nystagmus, retinal exudation, amblyopia, microphthalmia, microcornea, and total blindness. In addition, one patient had the comorbidity of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Eight differentPAX2variants were found in ten patients, three of which were reported for the first time.
该研究深入探讨了10名携带8种不同PAX2基因变体的患者案例,其中3种变异为首次发现。所有患者均表现出先天性肾发育不全、肾功能减退(eGFR下降)和蛋白尿等症状。此外,研究还揭示了PAX2变异所导致的一些新症状,如胆囊结石和睾丸发育不良,并首次报告了C1q肾病和OCA合并症的病例。
经过对患者的细致观察,研究证实了PAX2变异与肾发育不全和眼部病变之间的密切联系,但强调即使携带相同变异的个体也可能展现出不同的临床表现。研究进一步发现,PAX2变异型患者主要在青春期而非早期阶段出现肾功能衰竭,且其临床表现具有显著的多样性。此外,部分患者可能需要长期依赖肾脏替代治疗或进行移植手术。
然而,研究也指出了其局限性,包括样本量相对较小、部分患者未接受全面的眼科和听力检查,以及缺乏完整的家族病史信息。尽管如此,该研究为理解PAX2基因变异在肾脏及其他器官发育中的功能提供了新的视角,并强调了对于存在肾发育不全和眼部异常症状的患者进行基因检测的重要性。对于PAX2变异型患者,建议进行长期跟踪观察和专业的医疗管理,以预防肾功能衰竭和其他相关并发症的发生。
总结
该研究报告了一些具有独特表现和合并症的患者,并报告了三种以前从未报道过的变异。具有PAX2变异的患者主要发生在青春期,且临床表现具有高度异质性。通过对中国人群PAX2新生突变与表型的分析,研究者建议对有明显肾发育不良和眼部异常证据的患者进行基因检测,若含有PAX2基因突变,则应检查PAX2相关器官损伤并密切随访肾脏功能。