【云原生 | 59】Docker中通过docker-compose部署ELK

1、组件介绍

2 、项目环境

2.1 各个环境版本

2.2 Docker-Compose变量配置

2.3 Docker-Compose服务配置

3、在Services中声明了四个服务

3.1 ElasticSearch服务

3.2 Logstash服务

3.3 Kibana服务

3.4 Filebeat服务

4、使用方法

4.1 方法一

4.2 方法二

5、启动

1、组件介绍

在ELK Stack中同时包括了Elastic Search、LogStash、Kibana以及Filebeat；

各个组件的作用如下：

Filebeat：采集文件等日志数据；
LogStash：过滤日志数据；
Elastic Search：存储、索引日志；
Kibana：用户界面；

各个组件之间的关系如下图所示：

2 、项目环境

因为ElasticSearch是用Java语言编写的，所以必须安装JDK的环境，并且是JDK 1.8以上。

# 安装

sudo yum install java-11-openjdk -y

# 安装完成查看java版本

java -version
>>>:
[root@VM-0-5-centos config]# java --version
openjdk 11.0.16.1 2022-08-12 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (Red_Hat-11.0.16.1.1-1.el7_9) (build 11.0.16.1+1-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (Red_Hat-11.0.16.1.1-1.el7_9) (build 11.0.16.1+1-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

2.1 各个环境版本

操作系统：CentOS 7
Docker：20.10.18
Docker-Compose：2.4.1
ELK Version：7.4.2
Filebeat：7.4.2
JAVA：11.0.16.1

2.2 Docker-Compose变量配置

首先，在配置文件.env中统一声明了ES以及各个组件的版本：

.env

ES_VERSION=7.1.0

2.3 Docker-Compose服务配置

创建Docker-Compose的配置文件：

version: '3.4'

services:elasticsearch:image: "docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:${ES_VERSION}"environment:- discovery.type=single-nodevolumes:- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime- /elk/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data- /elk/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml- /elk/elasticsearch/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/pluginsports:- "9200:9200"- "9300:9300"logstash:depends_on:- elasticsearchimage: "docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:${ES_VERSION}"volumes:- /elk/logstash/config/conf.d/logstash.conf:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline/logstash.confports:- "5044:5044"links:- elasticsearch
kibana:depends_on:- elasticsearchimage: "docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:${ES_VERSION}"volumes:- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime# kibana.yml配置文件放在宿主机目录下,方便后续汉化- /elk/kibana/config/kibana.yml:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.ymlports:- "5601:5601"links:- elasticsearch
filebeat:depends_on:- elasticsearch- logstashimage: "docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:${ES_VERSION}"user: root # 必须为rootenvironment:- strict.perms=falsevolumes:- /elk/filebeat/config/filebeat.yml:/usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml:ro# 映射到容器中[作为数据源]- /elk/filebeat/logs:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw- /elk/filebeat/data:/usr/share/filebeat/data:rw# 将指定容器连接到当前连接，可以设置别名，避免ip方式导致的容器重启动态改变的无法连接情况links:- logstash

3、在Services中声明了四个服务

elasticsearch
logstash
kibana
filebeat

3.1 ElasticSearch服务

创建docker容器挂在的目录

注意：chmod -R 777 /elk/elasticsearch 要有访问权限

mkdir -p /elk/elasticsearch/config/
mkdir -p /elk/elasticsearch/data/
mkdir -p /elk/elasticsearch/plugins/
echo "http.host: 0.0.0.0">>/elk/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

在elasticsearch服务的配置中有几点需要特别注意：

discovery.type=single-node：将ES的集群发现模式配置为单节点模式；
/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime：Docker容器中时间和宿主机同步；
/docker_es/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data：将ES的数据映射并持久化至宿主机中；
/elk/elasticsearch/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins：将插件挂载到主机；
/elk/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml：将配置文件挂载到主机；

3.2 Logstash服务

创建docker容器挂在的目录

注意：chmod -R 777 /elk/logstash 要有访问权限

mkdir -p /elk/logstash/config/conf.d

在logstash服务的配置中有几点需要特别注意：

/elk/logstash/config/conf.d/logstash.conf:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline/logstash.conf：将宿主机本地的logstash配置映射至logstash容器内部；

下面是LogStash的配置，在使用时可以自定义logstash.conf：

input {# 来源beatsbeats {# 端口port => "5044"}
}

output {elasticsearch {hosts => ["http://elasticsearch:9200"]index => "test"}stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}

在这里我们将原来tcp收集方式修改为由filebeat上报，同时固定了索引为test；

3.3 Kibana服务

创建docker容器挂在的目录

注意：chmod -R 777 /elk/kibana 要有访问权限

mkdir -p /elk/kibana/config

在kibana服务的配置中有几点需要特别注意：

/elk/kibana/config/kibana.yml:/usr/share/kibana/config/kibana.yml：配置ES的地址；
/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime：Docker容器中时间和宿主机同步；

修改 kibana.yml 配置文件，新增(修改)配置项i18n.locale: "zh-CN"

[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# cd /mydata/kibana/config

[root@VM-0-5-centos config]# cat kibana.yml 
# Default Kibana configuration for docker target
server.name: kibana
server.host: "0"
elasticsearch.hosts: [ "http://elasticsearch:9200" ]
xpack.monitoring.ui.container.elasticsearch.enabled: true
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"        # 设置为中文

[root@VM-0-5-centos config]#

3.4 Filebeat服务

注意：chmod -R 777 /elk/filebeat 要有访问权限

创建docker容器挂在的目录

mkdir -p /elk/filebeat/config
mkdir -p /elk/filebeat/logs
mkdir -p /elk/filebeat/data

在Filebeat服务的配置中有几点需要特别注意

配置user: root和环境变量strict.perms=false：如果不配置可能会因为权限问题无法启动；

volumes:
-  - /elk/filebeat/config/filebeat.yml:/usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml:ro
+    - <your_log_path>/filebeat.yml:/usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml:ro
-  - /elk/filebeat/logs:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw
+    - <your_log_path>:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw
-  - /elk/filebeat/data:/usr/share/filebeat/data:rw
+    - <your_data_path>:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw

同时还需要创建Filebeat配置文件：

filebeat.yml

filebeat.inputs:- type: logenabled: truepaths:# 容器中目录下的所有.log文件- /usr/share/filebeat/logs/*.logmultiline.pattern: ^\[multiline.negate: truemultiline.match: after

filebeat.config.modules:path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.ymlreload.enabled: false

setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards: 1

setup.dashboards.enabled: false

setup.kibana:host: "http://kibana:5601"

# 直接传输至ES
#output.elasticsearch:
# hosts: ["http://es-master:9200"]
# index: "filebeat-%{[beat.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"

# 传输至LogStash
output.logstash:hosts: ["logstash:5044"]

processors:- add_host_metadata: ~- add_cloud_metadata: ~

上面给出了一个filebeat配置文件示例，实际使用时可以根据需求进行修改；

4、使用方法

4.1 方法一

使用前必看：

① 修改ELK版本

可以修改在.env中的ES_VERSION字段，修改你想要使用的ELK版本；

② LogStash配置

修改logstash.conf为你需要的日志配置；

③ 修改ES文件映射路径

修改docker-compose中elasticsearch服务的volumes，将宿主机路径修改为你实际的路径：

volumes:- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
-  - /docker_es/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
+ - [your_path]:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

并且修改宿主机文件所属：

sudo chown -R 1000:1000 [your_path]

④ 修改filebeat服务配置

修改docker-compose中filebeat服务的volumes，将宿主机路径修改为你实际的路径：

volumes:- ./filebeat.yml:/usr/share/filebeat/filebeat.yml:ro
-    - /elk/filebeat/logs:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw
+    - <your_log_path>:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw
-    - /elk/filebeat/data:/usr/share/filebeat/data:rw
+    - <your_data_path>:/usr/share/filebeat/logs:rw

⑤ 修改Filebeat配置

修改filebeat.yml为你需要的配置；

Filebeat配置文件详情参见如下：

[vagrant@localhost filebeat-7.7.1]$ vi filebeat.yml
###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################
#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================filebeat.inputs:# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
#每个-是一个输入。大多数选项可以在输入级别设置，因此
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
#您可以为各种配置使用不同的输入。
# Below are the input specific configurations.
#下面是特定于输入的配置。- type: log# Change to true to enable this input configuration.#更改为true以启用此输入配置。enabled: true# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.#应该被爬取的路径。基础路径。paths:#可配置多个路径- /home/vagrant/apache-tomcat-9.0.20/logs/catalina.*.out#- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are#排除线路。要匹配的正则表达式列表。它去掉了# matching any regular expression from the list.#匹配列表中的任何正则表达式。#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are#要匹配的正则表达式列表。它导出# matching any regular expression from the list.#匹配列表中的任何正则表达式。#include_lines: ['^INFO','^ERR', '^WARN']# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that#排除的文件。要匹配的正则表达式列表。Filebeat删除的文件# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.#匹配列表中的任何正则表达式。默认情况下，没有文件被删除。#exclude_files: ['.gz$']# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked#可选的附加字段。这些字段可以自由选择# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering#添加附加信息到抓取的日志文件进行过滤#fields:#  level: debug#  review: 1### Multiline options# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common# Multiline可用于记录跨多行的消息。这是常见的# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation#用于Java堆栈跟踪或c行延续# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [#必须匹配的regexp模式。示例模式匹配以[开头的所有行multiline.pattern: ^\[# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.#定义模式下的模式集是否应该被否定。默认是falsemultiline.negate: true# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern#Match可以设置为“after”或“before”。它用于定义是否应该将行追加到模式中# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.#在之前或之后匹配的，或者只要模式没有基于negate匹配。    # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash#注意:在Logstash中，After等同于previous, before等同于nextmultiline.match: after#============================= Filebeat modules ===============================filebeat.config.modules:# Glob pattern for configuration loading#配置加载的Glob模式path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml# Set to true to enable config reloading#设置为true可重新加载配置reload.enabled: false# Period on which files under path should be checked for changes#应该检查path下的文件是否有更改的时间段#reload.period: 10s#==================== Elasticsearch template setting ==========================setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards: 1#index.codec: best_compression#_source.enabled: false#================================ General =====================================# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
#应该检查path下文件更改的时间段#发布网络数据的托运人的名称。它可以用来分组
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
#由一个托运人在web interfac中发送的所有事务
#name:# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
#每个托运人的标签都包含在它们自己的字段中
# transaction published.
#事务发表。
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
#属性中添加附加信息的可选字段
# output.
#fields:
#  env: staging#============================== Dashboards =====================================
# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
#这些设置控制将样例指示板加载到Kibana索引。加载
# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
#仪表板在默认情况下是禁用的，可以通过设置
# options here or by using the `setup` command.
#选项或使用' setup '命令。
#setup.dashboards.enabled: false# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
#下载仪表板归档文件的URL。默认情况下，这个URL
# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
#有一个基于节拍名称和版本计算的值。对发布的
# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
#版本号，此URL指向工件.elastic.co上的仪表板存档
# website.
#setup.dashboards.url:#============================== Kibana =====================================# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
#从Beats 6.0.0版本开始，仪表板是通过Kibana API加载的。
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
#这需要Kibana端点配置。
setup.kibana:# Kibana Host# Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)# In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path# IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601host: "192.168.0.140:5601"# Kibana Space ID# ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,# the Default Space will be used.#space.id:#============================= Elastic Cloud ==================================# These settings simplify using Filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
# `setup.kibana.host` options.
# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
#cloud.id:# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
#cloud.auth:#================================ Outputs =====================================# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.
#配置在发送由节拍收集的数据时使用的输出。#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:# Array of hosts to connect to.#hosts: ["192.168.0.140:9200"]# Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.#protocol: "https"# Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.#api_key: "id:api_key"#username: "elastic"#password: "changeme"#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------
output.logstash:# The Logstash hostshosts: ["192.168.0.140:5044"]# Optional SSL. By default is off.# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications#ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]# Certificate for SSL client authentication#ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"# Client Certificate Key#ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"#================================ Processors =====================================# Configure processors to enhance or manipulate events generated by the beat.
#配置处理器以增强或操纵节拍生成的事件。processors:- add_host_metadata: ~- add_cloud_metadata: ~- add_docker_metadata: ~- add_kubernetes_metadata: ~#================================ Logging =====================================# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug
#logging.level: debug# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publish", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]#============================== X-Pack Monitoring ===============================
# filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring
# cluster.  This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch.  The
# reporting is disabled by default.# Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.
#monitoring.enabled: false# Sets the UUID of the Elasticsearch cluster under which monitoring data for this
# Filebeat instance will appear in the Stack Monitoring UI. If output.elasticsearch
# is enabled, the UUID is derived from the Elasticsearch cluster referenced by output.elasticsearch.
#monitoring.cluster_uuid:# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the
# Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well.
# Note that the settings should point to your Elasticsearch *monitoring* cluster.
# Any setting that is not set is automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch
# output configuration, so if you have the Elasticsearch output configured such
# that it is pointing to your Elasticsearch monitoring cluster, you can simply
# uncomment the following line.
#monitoring.elasticsearch:#================================= Migration ==================================# This allows to enable 6.7 migration aliases
#migration.6_to_7.enabled: true

4.2 方法二

cd ELK
#修改run.sh里面的ES_HOST、LOG_HOST、KB_HOST
chmod +x ./run.sh  #使脚本具有执行权限
./run.sh  #执行脚本

5、启动

随后使用docker-compose命令启动：

docker-compose up -d
Creating network "docker_repo_default" with the default driver
Creating docker_repo_elasticsearch_1 ... done
Creating docker_repo_kibana_1        ... done
Creating docker_repo_logstash_1      ... done
Creating docker_repo_filebeat_1      ... done