蓝桥杯单片机组——国赛1 各模块的基础模板

本文为续写个人专栏：蓝桥杯单片机组基础专栏

由于国赛代码体量较为庞大，各个模块涉及时序、消影、去鬼影、消冲突等操作

因此本文基于小蜜蜂老师代码风格编写，并根据实际有改动

本文用于汇总基础的模块程序，更进阶的操作请查看本专栏下其他文章

0.编程风格

变量命令规则用“类型_流动方向”组合：value_led 表示这是一个变量的值，要传入led函数；key_value表示这是一个变量，从key函数中获取出来；flash_SMG表示这是一个刷新标志位，为１时刷新数码管；time5s_flag表示这是一个指示标志位，指示达到5s的时间间隔。

函数命令规则主要分为两类。一类是，实时的运行函数，如value_running(),ds18b20_running()等，直接放入主函数的死循环中运行。另一类是功能性函数，如，flash_SMG()是不放入主函数，而是在其他函数中用于直接调用的。

定时器0用于产生50us的中断，定时器1用于产生5ms的中断。对于标志位，直接在中断里改变其值，对于数据计算部分单独建立一个value_running()函数用于处理。

51单片机处理负数可以定义“int”类型，普通变量定义“unsigned char”类型，标志变量定义“bit”类型。除了555定时计数器，其他所有的外设都要设置刷新的标志位，可以提升系统运行效率，以一定的时间间隔刷新，555定时器，除了要短接引脚，还要用RB3调节频率的数值。

        光敏电阻数字跳动太大：加1ms延时，加中断标志间隔时间后刷新，加最后一步等待应答，加临时变量判断数据正确再写入。
        ds1302,最好用中断，每隔1s提取一遍时间到变量中，再用数码管显示，减少资源占用。对于刷新频率为1s为单位的变量，可以直接读取ds1302的秒位，判断是否达到1s的整数倍
        对于led的操作。当led的变化有规律时——建立数组存放led的状态。当led没有规律时——一定要学会位运算，直接对变量value_led进行位操作，然后利用中断传入led处理函数。对于继电器的操作，也不要定义继电器的一个引脚，直接对P0口进行操作。对于io编程模式，要注意对锁存器常关闭。同时采用先赋值P0端口，再打开锁存器方式，这样有效防止数据冲突。
        定时计数器，选择12T模式！！！

编程流程：

搭建底层文件：把题目的外设添加好，数码管窗口切换做好
直接给SMG_flag变量赋值，逐个测试数码管各个窗口是否正常
开始运行各个外设，并挨个验证查看数值是够正确
逐个编写按键逻辑，并挨个检查界面变化、数值显示是否正常
测试按键逻辑是否正常，有没有影响其他部分
添加led，继电器等次要外设部分内容

1.基础代码

//锁存器通道选择函数
void select_HC573 ( unsigned char channal )
{switch ( channal ){case 4:P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0x80;break;case 5:P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xa0;break;case 6:P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xc0;break;case 7:P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xe0;break;case 0:P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0x00;break;}
}

//初始化系统，关闭继电器和蜂鸣器
void init_sys ()
{select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = 0xff;	select_HC573 ( 4 );select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = 0x00;select_HC573 ( 5 );select_HC573 ( 0 );
}

2.led操作代码

//led灯光控制函数
void state_led ( unsigned char value_led )
{select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = 0xff;select_HC573 ( 4 );P0 = value_led;select_HC573 ( 4 );	select_HC573 ( 0 );
}

3.数码管操作代码

SMG_flag为使用定时计数器设置的数码管刷新时间间隔

//单位数码管显示函数
void state_SMG ( unsigned char pos_SMG , unsigned char value_SMG )
{select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = 0x01 << pos_SMG;	select_HC573( 6 );select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = value_SMG;select_HC573( 7 );select_HC573 ( 0 );
}//全位数码管静态显示
void state_SMG_all ( unsigned char value_SMG_all )
{select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = 0xff;	select_HC573( 6 );select_HC573 ( 0 );P0 = value_SMG_all;select_HC573( 7 );select_HC573 ( 0 );
}void SMG_flash ()
{state_SMG_all ( 0xff );if ( SMG_flag == 0 ){switch ( flash_count ){case 0:				state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[1] );break;case 1:				state_SMG ( 1 , duanma[1] );break;case 2:				state_SMG ( 2 , duanma[1] );break;case 3:				state_SMG ( 3 , duanma[1] );break;case 4:				state_SMG ( 4 , duanma[1] );break;case 5:				state_SMG ( 5 , duanma[1] );break;case 6:				state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[1] );break;case 7:	state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[1] );break;}}else if ( SMG_flag == 1 ){switch ( flash_count ){case 0:				state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[2] );break;case 1:				state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[2] );break;}}	
}

4.按键操作代码

void keyrunning ()
{C1 = 0;C2 = H1 = H2 = 1;if ( H1 == 0 ){Delay4ms();if ( H1 == 0 )//S4{while ( H1 == 0 );}}else if ( H2 == 0 ){Delay4ms();if ( H2 == 0 )//S5{if ( SMG_flag != 1 ){}while ( H2 == 0 );	}}C2 = 0;C1 = H1 = H2 = 1;if ( H1 == 0 ){Delay4ms();if ( H1 == 0 )//S8{while ( H1 == 0 );}}else if ( H2 == 0 ){Delay4ms();if ( H2 == 0 )//S9{while ( H2 == 0 );}}
}

5.ds18b20代码

bit flash_ds18b20 = 0;
unsigned char pld_temperature = 0;
unsigned int temperature = 0;
unsigned int set_temperature =  300;
void flash_temperature ()
{if ( flash_ds18b20 == 1 ){unsigned char LSB,MSB;old_temperature = temperature;init_ds18b20();Write_DS18B20(0xcc);	Write_DS18B20(0x44);Delay700ms();init_ds18b20();Write_DS18B20(0xcc);	Write_DS18B20(0xbe);LSB = Read_DS18B20();MSB = Read_DS18B20();temperature = MSB;temperature = ( temperature << 8 ) | LSB;temperature = (temperature >> 4)*10 + (LSB & 0x0f)*0.625;flash_ds18b20 = 0;}}

6.ds1302代码

void init_ds1302 ()
{unsigned char i;Write_Ds1302_Byte ( 0x8e , 0x00 );for ( i=0 ; i<7 ; i++ ){Write_Ds1302_Byte ( Write_address[i] , date_ds1302[i] );}Write_Ds1302_Byte ( 0x8e , 0x80 );}bit flash_ds1302 = 0;
void flash_date()
{if ( flash_ds1302 == 1 ){unsigned char i;for ( i=0 ; i<7 ; i++ ){date_ds1302[i] = Read_Ds1302_Byte ( Read_address[i] );}flash_ds1302 = 0;}
}

7.pcf5951操作

bit flash_rd1 = 0;
unsigned char rd1_value = 0;
void rd1running()
{unsigned char tmp = 0;if ( flash_rd1 == 1 ){I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0x90);I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte(0x01);I2CWaitAck();I2CStop();Delay1ms();I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0x91);I2CWaitAck();tmp = I2CReceiveByte();I2CWaitAck();I2CSendAck(1);I2CStop();flash_rd1 = 0;}if ( tmp<220 && tmp>0 ){rd1_value = tmp;}
}unsigned char rb2_value = 0;
void rb2running()
{I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0x90);I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte(0x03);I2CWaitAck();I2CStop();Delay2ms();I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0x91);I2CWaitAck();rb2_value = I2CReceiveByte();I2CSendAck(1);I2CStop();}void dacrunning ( unsigned char value_dac )
{if ( flash_dac == 1 ){I2CStart();I2CSendByte( 0x90 );I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte( 0x43 );I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte( value_dac );I2CWaitAck();I2CStop();}
}

8.at24c02

void write_at24c02 ( unsigned char addr_write , unsigned char value_write )
{I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0xa0);I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte(addr_write);I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte(value_write);I2CWaitAck();I2CStop();
}unsigned char read_at24c02 ( unsigned char addr_read )
{unsigned char power_count_temp;I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0xa0);I2CWaitAck();I2CSendByte(addr_read);I2CWaitAck();I2CStart();I2CSendByte(0xa1);I2CWaitAck();power_count_temp = I2CReceiveByte();I2CSendAck(1);I2CStop();return power_count_temp;
}

9.555定时计数器

void init_timer(void)		//50毫秒@11.0592MHz
{AUXR &= 0xBF;		//定时器时钟12T模式TMOD &= 0x00;		//设置定时器模式TMOD |= 0x16;		//设置定时器模式TL1 = 0x00;		//设置定时初始值TH1 = 0x4C;		//设置定时初始值TH0 = 0xff;TL0 = 0xff;TF1 = 0;		//清除TF1标志TF0 = 0;TR1 = 1;		//定时器1开始计时TR0 = 1;EA = 1;ET1 = 1;ET0 = 1;
}unsigned int count_timer0 = 0;
void timer0_service () interrupt 1
{count_timer0++;
}unsigned int count_fre = 0;
unsigned char count_50ms = 0;
void timer1_service () interrupt 3
{count_50ms++;TL1 = 0x00;		//设置定时初始值TH1 = 0x4C;		//设置定时初始值if ( count_50ms == 20 ){count_50ms = 0;count_fre = count_timer0;count_timer0 = 0;}
}

10.超声波传感器

void send_sonic ()
{unsigned char i;for ( i=0 ; i<8 ; i++ ){TX = 1;Delay14us();TX = 0;Delay14us();}
}unsigned int value_distance = 0;
void read_sonicrunning ()
{TL0 = 0x00;TH0 = 0x00;send_sonic ();TR0 = 1;//当超声波未接受到返回信号，且计时器没有溢出while ( (RX ==1) && (TF0 == 0) );TR0 = 0;if ( TF0 == 0 )    //如果接收到了返回信号,且定时器未溢出{value_distance = TH0;value_distance = (value_distance<<8) | TL0;value_distance = value_distance * 0.0184;}else    //如果定时器溢出，却还没返回信号{TF0 = 0;value_distance = 999;}
}