目录
介绍
快速开始
引入依赖
简单导出
定义实体类
自定义转换器
定义接口
测试接口
复杂导出
自定义注解
定义实体类
数据映射与平铺
自定义单元格合并策略
定义接口
测试接口
一对多导出
自定义单元格合并策略
测试数据
简单导入
定义接口
测试接口
参考资料
应对多人同时导出Excel导致的服务器崩溃入口:构建高效排队导出
介绍
EasyExcel 是一个基于 Java 的、快速、简洁、解决大文件内存溢出的 Excel 处理工具。它能让你在不用考虑性能、内存的等因素的情况下,快速完成 Excel 的读、写等功能。
EasyExcel文档地址:https://easyexcel.opensource.alibaba.com/
快速开始
引入依赖
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>3.1.3</version>
</dependency>
简单导出
以导出用户信息为例,接下来手把手教大家如何使用EasyExcel实现导出功能!
定义实体类
在EasyExcel中,以面向对象思想来实现导入导出,无论是导入数据还是导出数据都可以想象成具体某个对象的集合,所以为了实现导出用户信息功能,首先创建一个用户对象UserDO实体类,用于封装用户信息:
/*** 用户信息** @author yun*/
@Data
public class UserDO {@ExcelProperty("用户编号")@ColumnWidth(20)private Long id;@ExcelProperty("用户名")@ColumnWidth(20)private String username;@ExcelIgnoreprivate String password;@ExcelProperty("昵称")@ColumnWidth(20)private String nickname;@ExcelProperty("生日")@ColumnWidth(20)@DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")private Date birthday;@ExcelProperty("手机号")@ColumnWidth(20)private String phone;@ExcelProperty("身高(米)")@NumberFormat("#.##")@ColumnWidth(20)private Double height;@ExcelProperty(value = "性别", converter = GenderConverter.class)@ColumnWidth(10)private Integer gender;
}
上面代码中类属性上使用了EasyExcel核心注解:
-
@ExcelProperty:核心注解,value属性可用来设置表头名称,converter属性可以用来设置类型转换器;
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@ColumnWidth:用于设置表格列的宽度;
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@DateTimeFormat:用于设置日期转换格式;
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@NumberFormat:用于设置数字转换格式。
自定义转换器
在EasyExcel中,如果想实现枚举类型到字符串类型转换(例如gender属性:1 -> 男,2 -> 女),需实现Converter接口来自定义转换器,下面为自定义GenderConverter性别转换器代码实现:
/*** Excel 性别转换器** @author yun*/
public class GenderConverter implements Converter<Integer> {@Overridepublic Class<?> supportJavaTypeKey() {return Integer.class;}@Overridepublic CellDataTypeEnum supportExcelTypeKey() {return CellDataTypeEnum.STRING;}@Overridepublic Integer convertToJavaData(ReadConverterContext<?> context) {return GenderEnum.convert(context.getReadCellData().getStringValue()).getValue();}@Overridepublic WriteCellData<?> convertToExcelData(WriteConverterContext<Integer> context) {return new WriteCellData<>(GenderEnum.convert(context.getValue()).getDescription());}
}
/*** 性别枚举** @author yun*/
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum GenderEnum {/*** 未知*/UNKNOWN(0, "未知"),/*** 男性*/MALE(1, "男性"),/*** 女性*/FEMALE(2, "女性");private final Integer value;@JsonFormatprivate final String description;public static GenderEnum convert(Integer value) {return Stream.of(values()).filter(bean -> bean.value.equals(value)).findAny().orElse(UNKNOWN);}public static GenderEnum convert(String description) {return Stream.of(values()).filter(bean -> bean.description.equals(description)).findAny().orElse(UNKNOWN);}
}
定义接口
/*** EasyExcel导入导出** @author yun*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/excel")
public class ExcelController {@GetMapping("/export/user")public void exportUserExcel(HttpServletResponse response) {try {this.setExcelResponseProp(response, "用户列表");List<UserDO> userList = this.getUserList();EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).head(UserDO.class).excelType(ExcelTypeEnum.XLSX).sheet("用户列表").doWrite(userList);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/*** 设置响应结果** @param response 响应结果对象* @param rawFileName 文件名* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 不支持编码异常*/private void setExcelResponseProp(HttpServletResponse response, String rawFileName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(rawFileName, "UTF-8").replaceAll("\+", "%20");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");}/*** 读取用户列表数据** @return 用户列表数据* @throws IOException IO异常*/private List<UserDO> getUserList() throws IOException {ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("mock/users.json");InputStream inputStream = classPathResource.getInputStream();return objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, new TypeReference<List<UserDO>>() {});}
}
测试接口
运行项目,通过 Postman 或者 Apifox 工具来进行接口测试
注意:在 Apifox 中访问接口后无法直接下载,需要点击返回结果中的下载图标才行,点击之后方可对Excel文件进行保存。
接口地址:http://localhost:8080/excel/export/user
复杂导出
由于 EasyPoi 支持嵌套对象导出,直接使用内置 @ExcelCollection 注解即可实现,遗憾的是 EasyExcel 不支持一对多导出,只能自行实现,通过此issues了解到,项目维护者建议通过自定义合并策略方式来实现一对多导出。
解决思路:只需把订单主键相同的列中需要合并的列给合并了,就可以实现这种一对多嵌套信息的导出
自定义注解
创建一个自定义注解,用于标记哪些属性需要合并单元格,哪个属性是主键:
/*** 用于判断是否需要合并以及合并的主键** @author yun*/
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ExcelMerge {/*** 是否合并单元格** @return true || false*/boolean merge() default true;/*** 是否为主键(即该字段相同的行合并)** @return true || false*/boolean isPrimaryKey() default false;
}
定义实体类
在需要合并单元格的属性上设置 @ExcelMerge 注解,二级表头通过设置 @ExcelProperty 注解中 value 值为数组形式来实现该效果:
/*** @author*/
@Data
public class OrderBO {@ExcelProperty(value = "订单主键")@ColumnWidth(16)@ExcelMerge(merge = true, isPrimaryKey = true)private String id;@ExcelProperty(value = "订单编号")@ColumnWidth(20)@ExcelMerge(merge = true)private String orderId;@ExcelProperty(value = "收货地址")@ExcelMerge(merge = true)@ColumnWidth(20)private String address;@ExcelProperty(value = "创建时间")@ColumnWidth(20)@DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")@ExcelMerge(merge = true)private Date createTime;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "商品编号"})@ColumnWidth(20)private String productId;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "商品名称"})@ColumnWidth(20)private String name;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "商品标题"})@ColumnWidth(30)private String subtitle;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "品牌名称"})@ColumnWidth(20)private String brandName;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "商品价格"})@ColumnWidth(20)private BigDecimal price;@ExcelProperty(value = {"商品信息", "商品数量"})@ColumnWidth(20)private Integer count;
}
数据映射与平铺
导出之前,需要对数据进行处理,将订单数据进行平铺,orderList为平铺前格式,exportData为平铺后格式:
自定义单元格合并策略
当 Excel 中两列主键相同时,合并被标记需要合并的列:
/*** 自定义单元格合并策略** @author yun*/
public class ExcelMergeStrategy implements RowWriteHandler {/*** 主键下标*/private Integer primaryKeyIndex;/*** 需要合并的列的下标集合*/private final List<Integer> mergeColumnIndexList = new ArrayList<>();/*** 数据类型*/private final Class<?> elementType;public ExcelMergeStrategy(Class<?> elementType) {this.elementType = elementType;}@Overridepublic void afterRowDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Row row, Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {// 判断是否为标题if (isHead) {return;}// 获取当前工作表Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();// 初始化主键下标和需要合并字段的下标if (primaryKeyIndex == null) {this.initPrimaryIndexAndMergeIndex(writeSheetHolder);}// 判断是否需要和上一行进行合并// 不能和标题合并,只能数据行之间合并if (row.getRowNum() <= 1) {return;}// 获取上一行数据Row lastRow = sheet.getRow(row.getRowNum() - 1);// 将本行和上一行是同一类型的数据(通过主键字段进行判断),则需要合并if (lastRow.getCell(primaryKeyIndex).getStringCellValue().equalsIgnoreCase(row.getCell(primaryKeyIndex).getStringCellValue())) {for (Integer mergeIndex : mergeColumnIndexList) {CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddress = new CellRangeAddress(row.getRowNum() - 1, row.getRowNum(), mergeIndex, mergeIndex);sheet.addMergedRegionUnsafe(cellRangeAddress);}}}/*** 初始化主键下标和需要合并字段的下标** @param writeSheetHolder WriteSheetHolder*/private void initPrimaryIndexAndMergeIndex(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder) {// 获取当前工作表Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();// 获取标题行Row titleRow = sheet.getRow(0);// 获取所有属性字段Field[] fields = this.elementType.getDeclaredFields();// 遍历所有字段for (Field field : fields) {// 获取@ExcelProperty注解,用于获取该字段对应列的下标ExcelProperty excelProperty = field.getAnnotation(ExcelProperty.class);// 判断是否为空if (null == excelProperty) {continue;}// 获取自定义注解,用于合并单元格ExcelMerge excelMerge = field.getAnnotation(ExcelMerge.class);// 判断是否需要合并if (null == excelMerge) {continue;}for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {Cell cell = titleRow.getCell(i);if (null == cell) {continue;}// 将字段和表头匹配上if (excelProperty.value()[0].equalsIgnoreCase(cell.getStringCellValue())) {if (excelMerge.isPrimaryKey()) {primaryKeyIndex = i;}if (excelMerge.merge()) {mergeColumnIndexList.add(i);}}}}// 没有指定主键,则异常if (null == this.primaryKeyIndex) {throw new IllegalStateException("使用@ExcelMerge注解必须指定主键");}}
}
定义接口
将自定义合并策略 ExcelMergeStrategy 通过 registerWriteHandler 注册上去:
/*** EasyExcel导入导出** @author yun*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/excel")
public class ExcelController {@GetMapping("/export/order")public void exportOrderExcel(HttpServletResponse response) {try {this.setExcelResponseProp(response, "订单列表");List<OrderDO> orderList = this.getOrderList();List<OrderBO> exportData = this.convert(orderList);EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).head(OrderBO.class).registerWriteHandler(new ExcelMergeStrategy(OrderBO.class)).excelType(ExcelTypeEnum.XLSX).sheet("订单列表").doWrite(exportData);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/*** 设置响应结果** @param response 响应结果对象* @param rawFileName 文件名* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 不支持编码异常*/private void setExcelResponseProp(HttpServletResponse response, String rawFileName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(rawFileName, "UTF-8").replaceAll("\+", "%20");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");}
}
测试接口
运行项目,通过 Postman 或者 Apifox 工具来进行接口测试
注意:在 Apifox 中访问接口后无法直接下载,需要点击返回结果中的下载图标才行,点击之后方可对Excel文件进行保存。
接口地址:http://localhost:8080/excel/export/order
一对多导出
//需要合并的列
int[] mergeColumeIndex = {0,1,2,3,4,5,8,9,11};
// 从那一列开始合并
int mergeRowIndex = 0;
ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(outputStream).sheet("SheetName")//设置合并单元格策略.registerWriteHandler(new ExcelFillCellMergeStrategy(mergeRowIndex, mergeColumeIndex)).doWrite(exportVoList);
自定义单元格合并策略
public class ExcelFillCellMergeStrategy implements CellWriteHandler {private int[] mergeColumnIndex;private int mergeRowIndex;public ExcelFillCellMergeStrategy() {}public ExcelFillCellMergeStrategy(int mergeRowIndex, int[] mergeColumnIndex) {this.mergeRowIndex = mergeRowIndex;this.mergeColumnIndex = mergeColumnIndex;}@Overridepublic void beforeCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Row row, Head head, Integer columnIndex, Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {}@Overridepublic void afterCellCreate(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, Cell cell, Head head, Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {}@Overridepublic void afterCellDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder, List<CellData> list, Cell cell, Head head, Integer integer, Boolean aBoolean) {int curRowIndex = cell.getRowIndex();int curColIndex = cell.getColumnIndex();if (curRowIndex > mergeRowIndex) {for (int i = 0; i < mergeColumnIndex.length; i++) {if (curColIndex == mergeColumnIndex[i]) {mergeWithPrevRow(writeSheetHolder, cell, curRowIndex, curColIndex);break;}}}}/*** 当前单元格向上合并** @param writeSheetHolder* @param cell 当前单元格* @param curRowIndex 当前行* @param curColIndex 当前列*/private void mergeWithPrevRow(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, Cell cell, int curRowIndex, int curColIndex) {Object curData = cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING ? cell.getStringCellValue() : cell.getNumericCellValue();Cell preCell = cell.getSheet().getRow(curRowIndex - 1).getCell(curColIndex);Object preData = preCell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING ? preCell.getStringCellValue() : preCell.getNumericCellValue();// 将当前单元格数据与上一个单元格数据比较Boolean dataBool = preData.equals(curData);//此处需要注意:因为我是按照序号确定是否需要合并的,所以获取每一行第一列数据和上一行第一列数据进行比较,如果相等合并Boolean bool = cell.getRow().getCell(0).getNumericCellValue() == cell.getSheet().getRow(curRowIndex - 1).getCell(0).getNumericCellValue();if (dataBool && bool) {Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();List<CellRangeAddress> mergeRegions = sheet.getMergedRegions();boolean isMerged = false;for (int i = 0; i < mergeRegions.size() && !isMerged; i++) {CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddr = mergeRegions.get(i);// 若上一个单元格已经被合并,则先移出原有的合并单元,再重新添加合并单元if (cellRangeAddr.isInRange(curRowIndex - 1, curColIndex)) {sheet.removeMergedRegion(i);cellRangeAddr.setLastRow(curRowIndex);sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRangeAddr);isMerged = true;}}// 若上一个单元格未被合并,则新增合并单元if (!isMerged) {CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddress = new CellRangeAddress(curRowIndex - 1, curRowIndex, curColIndex, curColIndex);sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRangeAddress);}}}}
测试数据
exportVoList 导出的数据。
注意:如果需要合并三个单元格需要产生3条数据 例如:
1,李华,英语,80分
1,李华,语文,70分
1,李华,数学,60分
2,李四,数学,80分
导出效果如下:
简单导入
以导入用户信息为例,接下来手把手教大家如何使用EasyExcel实现导入功能!
定义接口
/*** EasyExcel导入导出** @author yun*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/excel")
@Api(tags = "EasyExcel")
public class ExcelController {@PostMapping("/import/user")public ResponseVO importUserExcel(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {try {List<UserDO> userList = EasyExcel.read(file.getInputStream()).head(UserDO.class).sheet().doReadSync();return ResponseVO.success(userList);} catch (IOException e) {return ResponseVO.error();}}
}
测试接口
参考资料
-
项目地址:https://github.com/alibaba/easyexcel
-
官方文档:https://www.yuque.com/easyexcel/doc/easyexcel